AngularJS 自定义指令详解及示例代码

2019-11-20 09:13:08

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自定义指令中使用AngularJS扩展HTML的功能。自定义指令使用的“指令”的功能定义。自定义指令只是替换了它被激活的元素。引导过程中AngularJS应用程序找到了匹配的元素，并做好使用自定义指令compile()方法一次活动再处理使用基于指令的范围自定义指令link()方法的元素。 AngularJS提供支持，以下列元素的类型来创建自定义指令。

Element directives - 指令遇到时激活一个匹配的元素。

Attribute - - 指令遇到时激活一个匹配的属性。

CSS - - 指令遇到时激活匹配CSS样式。

Comment - - 指令遇到时激活匹配的注释。

了解自定义指令

定义自定义的HTML标签。

定义自定义指令来处理上面的自定义HTML标签。

var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);//Create a directive, first parameter is the html element to be attached.	 //We are attaching student html tag. //This directive will be activated as soon as any student element is encountered in htmlmainApp.directive('student', function() { //define the directive object var directive = {}; //restrict = E, signifies that directive is Element directive directive.restrict = 'E'; //template replaces the complete element with its text.  directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>"; //scope is used to distinguish each student element based on criteria. directive.scope = {  student : "=name" } //compile is called during application initialization. AngularJS calls it once when html page is loaded. directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {  element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");	 //linkFunction is linked with each element with scope to get the element specific data.  var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {   element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");   element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");  }  return linkFunction; } return directive;});

定义控制器以更新范围为指令。在这里，我们使用name属性值作为子的作用域。

mainApp.controller('StudentController', function($scope) {  $scope.Mahesh = {};  $scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";  $scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;  $scope.Piyush = {};  $scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";  $scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;});

例子

<html><head> <title>Angular JS Custom Directives</title></head><body> <h2>AngularJS Sample Application</h2> <div ng-app="mainApp" ng-controller="StudentController">		<student name="Mahesh"></student><br/>		<student name="Piyush"></student> </div> <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.15/angular.min.js"></script> <script>  var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);	   mainApp.directive('student', function() {   var directive = {};   directive.restrict = 'E';   directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";      directive.scope = {   student : "=name"   }		    directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {   element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");   var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {    element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");    element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");   }   return linkFunction;   }   return directive;  });	   mainApp.controller('StudentController', function($scope) {   $scope.Mahesh = {};   $scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";   $scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;   $scope.Piyush = {};   $scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";   $scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;  });   </script></body></html>

结果

在Web浏览器中打开textAngularJS.html。看到结果如下：