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浅析JavaScript动画模拟拖拽原理

2019-11-19 18:35:56
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模拟拖拽的原理:

x1等于div.offsetLeft

y1等于div.offsetTop

x2等于ev.clientX(ev表示event事件)

y2等于ev.clientY

当我们在方块上按下鼠标的时候,x2-x1即可确定。移动鼠标之后,我们用鼠标当前的位置即x4、y4减去x2-x1、y2-y1就可以得到方块现在的位置。

代码:

 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Document</title>  <style>   #box{    width: 100px;    height: 100px;    background: red;   position: absolute;   }  </style> </head> <body>    <div id="box"></div>  <script type="text/javascript">  var oBox = document.getElementById('box');  oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){  // 鼠标按下   var ev = ev || event;   // 获取鼠标离div得距离  var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;  var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;   oBox.onmousemove = function(ev){   // 鼠标按下左键并移动   var ev = ev || event;    // 设置div移动时,它的位置   oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';   oBox.style.top = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';   }   oBox.onmouseup = function(){   // 鼠标左键抬起    oBox.onmousemove = oBox.onmouseup = null;   }  }  </script> </body> </html>

优化代码:

【1】鼠标移动快的时候,鼠标会移出方块,这时方块就不会再跟随鼠标动了。

解决办法:就是将onmousemove和onmouseup加到document对象上

代码:

 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title>  <style>   #box{   width: 100px;    height: 100px;   background: red;    position: absolute;   }  </style> </head> <body>    <div id="box"></div>  <script> var oBox = document.getElementById('box');  oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){  // 鼠标按下   var ev = ev || event;   // 获取鼠标离div得距离  var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;  var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;   document.onmousemove = function(ev){  // 鼠标按下左键并移动     var ev = ev || event;    // 设置div移动时,它的位置   oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';   oBox.style.top = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';    }    document.onmouseup = function(){   // 鼠标左键抬起     document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;   }  }  </script> </body> </html>

【2】当要拖动的方块中有文字时会触发浏览器的默认行为

 解决办法:1、使用return false添加到onmousedown事件中阻止浏览器的默认行为(IE除外)

       2、使用全局捕获(IE)

1、使用return false添加到onmousedown事件中阻止浏览器的默认行为(IE除外)

代码:

 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Document</title>  <style>   #box{    width: 100px;    height: 100px;    background: red;    position: absolute;    top: 0;    left: 0;  } </style> </head> <body>    <div id="box">模拟拖拽</div>  <script> var oBox = document.getElementById('box'); oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){   // 鼠标按下   var ev = ev || event;   // 获取鼠标离div得距离   var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;   var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;   document.onmousemove = function(ev){   // 鼠标按下左键并移动     var ev = ev || event;    // 设置div移动时,它的位置    oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';    oBox.style.top = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';   }   document.onmouseup = function(){  // 鼠标左键抬起    document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;  }   // 阻止默认行为   return false;  }  </script> </body> </html>

2、使用全局捕获(IE)

 全局捕获:当我们给一个元素这只全局捕获后,改元素会监听后续发生的所有事件,当有事件发生的时候就会触发改元素的事件

代码:

 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Document</title> </head> <body>  <input type="button" id="button1" value="弹出1" />  <input type="button" id="button2" value="弹出2" />  <script type="text/javascript">  window.onload = function(){  var Btn1 = document.getElementById('button1');   var Btn2 = document.getElementById('button2');    Btn1.setCapture();    Btn1.onclick = function(){    alert(1);  }   Btn2.onclick = function(){   alert(2);  } } </script> </body></html>

给Btn1设置了全局捕获之后,即使我们点击了Btn2还是会触发Btn1的点击事件

在模拟拖拽中,给要拖拽的方块onmousedown添加全局捕获然后再onmouseup中取消全局捕获

代码:

 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Document</title>  <style>  #box{    width: 100px;    height: 100px;    background: red;    position: absolute;  }  </style></head> <body>    <div id="box">模拟拖拽</div>  <script> var oBox = document.getElementById('box');  oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){  // 鼠标按下    var ev = ev || event;  // 获取鼠标离div得距离   var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;   var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;   // IE浏览器,全局捕获   if(oBox.setCapture){   oBox.setCapture();   }   document.onmousemove = function(ev){  // 鼠标按下左键并移动     var ev = ev || event;    // 设置div移动时,它的位置    oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';    oBox.style.top = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';   }   document.onmouseup = function(){   // 鼠标左键抬起     document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;    //IE下,释放全局捕获 releaseCapture();   if ( oBox.releaseCapture ) {     oBox.releaseCapture();    }   }   // 阻止默认行为   return false;  }  </script> </body> </html>

【3】封装模拟拖拽函数

 代码:

 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Document</title>  <style>   #box{    width: 100px;    height: 100px;    background: red;    position: absolute;   }  </style> </head> <body>  <div id="box">模拟拖拽</div>  <script>  var oBox = document.getElementById('box');  drag(oBox);  function drag(obj){   obj.onmousedown = function(ev){    // 鼠标按下   var ev = ev || event;    // 获取鼠标离div得距离    var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;    var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;    // IE浏览器,全局捕获    if(obj.setCapture){     obj.setCapture();    }    document.onmousemove = function(ev){    // 鼠标按下左键并移动      var ev = ev || event;     // 设置div移动时,它的位置     obj.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';     obj.style.top = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';    }    document.onmouseup = function(){    // 鼠标左键抬起      document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;    //IE下,释放全局捕获 releaseCapture();     if ( obj.releaseCapture ) {      obj.releaseCapture();    }    }    // 阻止默认行为    return false;  } }  </script> </body></html>

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