Angular路由简单学习

2019-11-19 18:15:32

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现在非常流行单页面应用，传统都是通过ajax请求数据，前端拿到数据渲染到页面，这种无刷新的视图切换非常棒！但是致命的缺点就是刷新後无法保持原来的视图，解决此问题的一个方法是使用 hash，监听hashchange事件来进行视图切换，另一个方法是用HTML5的history API，通过pushState()记录操作历史，监听popstate事件来进行视图切换，也有人把这叫pjax技术。

现在开始介绍angular的$route！

 <!DOCTYPE HTML><html ng-app="myApp"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script></head><body><div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div></div><script type="text/javascript">var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>' }).when('/bbb',{  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>' }).when('/ccc',{  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>' }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行  redirectTo : '/aaa' });}]);m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){}]);</script></body></html>

上面的例子很简单，除了用template之外还可以用templateUrl引入html的模板文件。

在when传入控制器的指向，实现不同的页面显示不同的数据。

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html ng-app="myApp"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script></head><body><div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div></div><script type="text/javascript">var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({  redirectTo : '/aaa' });}]);m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa';}]);m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';}]);m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';}]);</script></body></html>

以事件的方式映射路由页面。

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html ng-app="myApp"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script></head><body><div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa')">首页</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a> <div ng-view></div></div><script type="text/javascript">var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({  redirectTo : '/aaa' });}]);m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location',function($scope,$location){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa'; $scope.$location = $location;}]);m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';}]);m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';}]);</script></body></html>

项目更复杂，页面相同(首页&index)，数据不同，需要对url进行传参。

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html ng-app="myApp"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script></head><body><div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/123')">首页</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/456')">index</a> <div ng-view></div></div><script type="text/javascript">var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa/:num',{  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Aaa' }).when('/bbb',{  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}',  controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({  redirectTo : '/aaa/:num' });}]);m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location','$routeParams',function($scope,$location,$routeParams){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa'; $scope.$location = $location; console.log($routeParams); //不同的数据}]);m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb';}]);m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc';}]);</script></body></html>

路由的事件监听。

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html ng-app="myApp"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script></head><body><div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div></div><script type="text/javascript">var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']);m1.run(['$rootScope',function($rootScope){ //路由切换之前触发的事件 $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',function(event,current,pre){  console.log(event);  //事件对象  console.log(current); //路径对应的数据值  console.log(pre);  //上一个路径 });}]);m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{  template : '<h1>AAA</h1>'  //templateUrl : 'temp.html' }).when('/bbb',{  template : '<h1>BBB</h1>' }).when('/ccc',{  template : '<h1>CCC</h1>' }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值，哈希值出现错误也可以执行  redirectTo : '/aaa' });}]);m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){}]);</script></body></html>

补充：angular事件的传播机制。

<div ng-controller="Aaa"> {{count}} <div ng-controller="Aaa" ng-click="$emit('myEvent')">  {{count}}  <div ng-controller="Aaa">   {{count}}  </div> </div></div><script type="text/javascript">var m1 = angular.module('myApp',[]);m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.count = 0; $scope.$on('myEvent',function(e){  //console.log(e.targetScope);  //当前的  //console.log(e.currentScope); //目标的  //console.log(e.name);   //事件名  //e.stopPropagation();   //阻止冒泡  $scope.count++; });}]);</script>

前面嵌套了三个controller，我们在中间的controller上绑定了click事件，使用$emit点击的时候，上面的controller也会触发事件。