基于NodeJS+MongoDB+AngularJS+Bootstrap开发书店案例分析

2019-11-19 17:59:15

字体：大中小

来源：转载

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这章的目的是为了把前面所学习的内容整合一下，这个示例完成一个简单图书管理模块，因为中间需要使用到Bootstrap这里先介绍Bootstrap。

示例名称：天狗书店

功能：完成前后端分离的图书管理功能，总结前端学习过的内容。

技术：NodeJS、Express、Monk、MongoDB、AngularJS、BootStrap、跨域

效果：

一、Bootstrap

Bootstrap是一个UI框架，它支持响应式布局，在PC端与移动端都表现不错。

Bootstrap是Twitter推出的一款简洁、直观、强悍的前端开发框架。

Bootstrap中包含了丰富的Web组件，根据这些组件，可以快速的搭建一个漂亮、功能完备的网站。

在线可视布局：http://www.ibootstrap.cn/

演示： http://expo.bootcss.com/

中文网：http://www.bootcss.com/

官网：http://getbootstrap.com/

安装：npm install bootstrap@3

1.1、添加引用

也可使用包管理器也可以去官网下载后添加引用。

1.2、在页面中使用BootStrap

添加CSS引用：

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />

添加JavaScript引用：

 <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script><script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>

在页面中引用BootStrap定义好的样式

<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>bootstrap</title>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> </head> <body>  <div class="container-fluid">   <div class="row">    <div class="jumbotron">     <h1>Hello, world!</h1>     <p>This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information</p>     <p>      <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a>     </p>    </div>   </div>   <div class="row">    <div class="col-md-6">     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">默认</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">主要</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">成功</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">信息</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">警告</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">错误</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">链接</button>    </div>    <div class="col-md-6">     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">默认</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">默认</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">默认</button>     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">默认</button>    </div>   </div>  </div>  <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>  <script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> </body></html>

运行结果：

1.3、可视化布局

如果想快速高效的布局可以使用一些在线辅助工具，如：

http://www.ibootstrap.cn/

点击下载可以获得生成的HTML脚本。

二、使用MongoDB创建数据库

2.1、启动MongoDB数据库

数据库的具体安装、配置在前面的章节中已经讲解过，可以参考。

如果服务与配置都没有完成的话可以启动：C:/Program Files/MongoDB/Server/3.4/bin/mongod.exe

2.2、启动数据库GUI管理工具

2.3、创建数据库与集合

在localhost上右键“create database”创建名称为BookStore的数据库。

创建一个用于存放图书的集合名称为books。

在集合中添加5本图书。

db.getCollection('books').insert({id:201701,title:"使用AlarJS开发下一代应用程序",picture:"b1.jpg",price:55.0,author:"brad green"});

三、创建一个Express项目

这里使用Eclipse（HBuilder）为开发工具，添加Nodeclipse插件，新增一个Express项目：

3.1、创建app.js

/** * Module dependencies. */var express = require('express') , routes = require('./routes') , books = require('./routes/books') , http = require('http') , path = require('path');var app = express();// all environmentsapp.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');app.set('view engine', 'ejs');app.use(express.favicon());app.use(express.logger('dev'));app.use(express.bodyParser());app.use(express.methodOverride());app.use(app.router);app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));// development onlyif ('development' == app.get('env')) { app.use(express.errorHandler());}app.get('/', books.list);app.get('/books', books.list);http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function(){ console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));});

四、Monk访问MongoDB数据库

monk是NodeJS平台下访问MongoDB数据库的一个模块。monk访问MongoDB更加方便比NodeJS直接访问。

git仓库地址：https://github.com/Automattic/monk

文档：https://automattic.github.io/monk/

安装：npm install --save monk

4.1、创建连接

const monk = require('monk')// Connection URLconst url = 'localhost:27017/myproject';const db = monk(url);db.then(() => { console.log('Connected correctly to server')})

4.2、插入数据

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URLconst db = require('monk')(url);const collection = db.get('document')collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}]) .then((docs) => { // docs contains the documents inserted with added **_id** fields // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection }).catch((err) => { // An error happened while inserting }).then(() => db.close())users.insert({ woot: 'foo' })users.insert([{ woot: 'bar' }, { woot: 'baz' }])

4.3、更新数据

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URLconst db = require('monk')(url);const collection = db.get('document')collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}]) .then((docs) => { // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection }) .then(() => { return collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } }) }) .then((result) => { // Updated the document with the field a equal to 2 }) .then(() => db.close())users.update({name: 'foo'}, {name: 'bar'})

4.4、删除数据

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URLconst db = require('monk')(url);const collection = db.get('document')collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}]) .then((docs) => { // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection }) .then(() => collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } })) .then((result) => { // Updated the document with the field a equal to 2 }) .then(() => { return collection.remove({ a: 3}) }).then((result) => { // Deleted the document with the field a equal to 3 }) .then(() => db.close())users.remove({ woot: 'foo' })

4.5、查找数据

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URLconst db = require('monk')(url);const collection = db.get('document')collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}]) .then((docs) => { // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection }) .then(() => collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } })) .then((result) => { // Updated the document with the field a equal to 2 }) .then(() => collection.remove({ a: 3})) .then((result) => { // Deleted the document with the field a equal to 3 }) .then(() => { return collection.find() }) .then((docs) => { // docs === [{ a: 1 }, { a: 2, b: 1 }] }) .then(() => db.close())

users.find({}).then((docs) => {})users.find({}, 'name').then((docs) => { // only the name field will be selected})users.find({}, { fields: { name: 1 } }) // equivalentusers.find({}, '-name').then((docs) => { // all the fields except the name field will be selected})users.find({}, { fields: { name: 0 } }) // equivalentusers.find({}, { rawCursor: true }).then((cursor) => { // raw mongo cursor})users.find({}).each((user, {close, pause, resume}) => { // the users are streaming here // call `close()` to stop the stream}).then(() => { // stream is over})//创建的数据库var monk = require('monk')var db = monk('localhost:27017/bookstore')//读取数据：var monk = require('monk')var db = monk('localhost:27017/monk-demo')var books = db.get('books') books.find({}, function(err, docs) { console.log(docs)})//插入数据：books.insert({"name":"orange book","description":"just so so"})//查找数据：books.find({"name":"apple book"}, function(err, docs) { console.log(docs)})复制代码五、创建Rest后台服务在routes目录下增加的books.js文件内容如下：复制代码/* * 使用monk访问mongodb * 以rest的方式向前台提供服务 *///依赖monk模块var monk = require('monk');//连接并打开数据库var db = monk('localhost:27017/BookStore');//从数据库中获得books集合，类似表，并非所有数据， keyvar books = db.get('books');//列出所有的图书jsonexports.list = function(req, res) { //无条件查找所有的图书，then是当查找完成时回调的异步方法 books.find({}).then((docs) => {  //返回json给客户端  res.json(docs); }).then(() => db.close()); //关闭数据库};//获得最大idexports.getMax=function(req,res){ //找一个，根据id降序排序， books.findOne({}, {sort: {id: -1}}).then((bookObj)=>{  res.json(bookObj); }).then(() => db.close());;}//添加图书exports.add = function(req, res) { //先找到最大的图书编号 books.findOne({}, {sort: {id: -1}}).then((obj)=>{  //从客户端发送到服务器的图书对象  var book=req.body;  //设置图书编号为最大的图书编号+1  book.id=(parseInt(obj.id)+1)+"";  //执行添加  books.insert(book).then((docs) => {  //返回添加成功的对象   res.json(docs);  }).then(() => db.close()); });};//删除图书exports.del = function(req, res) { //从路径中取参数id,/:id var id=req.params.id; //移除编号为id的图书 books.remove({"id":id}).then((obj)=>{  //返回移除结果  res.json(obj); }).then(() => db.close());};//更新exports.update = function(req, res) { //获得提交给服务器的json对象 var book=req.body; //执行更新,第1个参数是要更新的图书查找条件，第2个参数是要更新的对象 books.update({"id":book.id}, book).then((obj)=>{  //返回更新完成后的对象  res.json(obj);  }).then(() => db.close());};

为了完成跨域请求，修改http头部信息及路径映射，app.js文件如下：

var express = require('express'), routes = require('./routes'), books = require('./routes/books'), http = require('http'), path = require('path');var app = express();// all environmentsapp.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');app.set('view engine', 'ejs');app.use(express.favicon());app.use(express.logger('dev'));app.use(express.bodyParser());app.use(express.methodOverride());app.use(app.router);app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));app.all('*', function(req, res, next) { res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "content-type"); res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "PUT,POST,GET,DELETE,OPTIONS"); res.header("X-Powered-By", ' 3.2.1') res.header("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8"); if(req.method == "OPTIONS") {  res.send("200"); } else {  next(); }});// development onlyif('development' == app.get('env')) { app.use(express.errorHandler());}app.get('/', books.list);//获得所有的图书列表app.get('/books', books.list);//最大的编号app.get('/books/maxid', books.getMax);//添加app.post('/books/book', books.add);//删除app.delete('/books/id/:id', books.del);//更新app.put('/books/book', books.update);http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function() { console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));});

查询所有：

其它服务的测试可以使用Fiddler完成。

六、使用AngularJS调用后台服务

这里的UI使用BootStrap完成，前端使用AngularJS调用NodeJS发布的服务，将数据存放在MongoDB中。

index.js页面如下：

<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>天狗书店</title>  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />  <link rel="bookmark" href="favicon.ico" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />  <style type="text/css">   .cover {    height: 40px;    width: auto;   }   .addBook {    padding-top: 10px;   }   .w100 {    width: 50px   }   .w200 {    width: 200px;   }   .w300 {    width: 300px   }  </style> </head> <body ng-app="bookApp">  <div class="container" ng-controller="BookController">   <div class="row clearfix">    <div class="col-md-12 column">     <nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">      <div class="navbar-header">       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button>       <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">天狗书店</a>      </div>      <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">       <ul class="nav navbar-nav">        <li class="active">         <a href="#">前端</a>        </li>        <li>         <a href="#">Java</a>        </li>        <li>         <a href="#">.Net</a>        </li>        <li class="dropdown">         <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">更多类型<strong class="caret"></strong></a>         <ul class="dropdown-menu">          <li>           <a href="#">Action</a>          </li>          <li>           <a href="#">Another action</a>          </li>          <li>           <a href="#">Something else here</a>          </li>          <li class="divider">          </li>          <li>           <a href="#">Separated link</a>          </li>          <li class="divider">          </li>          <li>           <a href="#">One more separated link</a>          </li>         </ul>        </li>       </ul>       <form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search">        <div class="form-group">         <input type="text" class="form-control" />        </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>       </form>      </div>     </nav>     <div class="row clearfix">      <div class="col-md-12 column">       <div class="carousel slide" id="carousel-519027">        <ol class="carousel-indicators">         <li class="active" data-slide-to="0" data-target="#carousel-519027">         </li>         <li data-slide-to="1" data-target="#carousel-519027">         </li>         <li data-slide-to="2" data-target="#carousel-519027">         </li>        </ol>        <div class="carousel-inner">         <div class="item active">          <img alt="" src="img/adv3.jpg" />          <div class="carousel-caption">          </div>         </div>         <div class="item">          <img alt="" src="img/adv2.jpg" />          <div class="carousel-caption">          </div>         </div>         <div class="item">          <img alt="" src="img/adv1.jpg" />          <div class="carousel-caption">           <h4>          Third Thumbnail label         </h4>           <p>            Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.           </p>          </div>         </div>        </div>        <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-519027" data-slide="prev"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span></a>        <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-519027" data-slide="next"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span></a>       </div>      </div>     </div>    </div>   </div>   <div class="row clearfix">    <div class="col-md-12 column">     <div class="addBook">      <a id="modal-234446" href="#modal-container-234446" role="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" data-toggle="modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus"></span> 新书上架</a>      <div class="modal fade" id="modal-container-234446" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">       <div class="modal-dialog">        <div class="modal-content">         <div class="modal-header">          <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>          <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">        添加/编辑图书       </h4>         </div>         <div class="modal-body">          <form class="form-horizontal" role="form">           <div class="form-group">            <label for="id" class="col-sm-2 control-label">编号</label>            <div class="col-sm-10">             <input type="text" class="form-control w100" id="id" ng-model="book.id" ng-readonly="true" />            </div>           </div>           <div class="form-group">            <label for="title" class="col-sm-2 control-label">书名</label>            <div class="col-sm-10">             <input type="text" class="form-control w300" id="title" ng-model="book.title" />            </div>           </div>           <div class="form-group">            <label for="picture" class="col-sm-2 control-label">图片</label>            <div class="col-sm-10">             <input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="picture" ng-model="book.picture" />            </div>           </div>           <div class="form-group">            <label for="price" class="col-sm-2 control-label">价格</label>            <div class="col-sm-10">             <input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="price" ng-model="book.price" />            </div>           </div>           <div class="form-group">            <label for="author" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者</label>            <div class="col-sm-10">             <input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="author" ng-model="book.author" />            </div>           </div>          </form>         </div>         <div class="modal-footer">          <button type="button" ng-click="save()" class="btn btn-primary">          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk"></span>            保存</button>          <button type="button" class="btn btn-success" ng-click="clear()" data-dismiss="modal">           <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span>            清空</button>          <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" data-dismiss="modal">           <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span>            关闭</button>         </div>        </div>       </div>      </div>     </div>     <table class="table">      <thead>       <tr>        <th>         序号        </th>        <th>         编号        </th>        <th>         书名        </th>        <th>         图片        </th>        <th>         价格        </th>        <th>         作者        </th>        <th>         操作        </th>       </tr>      </thead>      <tbody>       <tr ng-repeat="b in books" ng-class="{'info':$odd}">        <td>         {{$index+1}}        </td>        <td>         {{b.id}}        </td>        <td>         {{b.title}}        </td>        <td>         <img ng-src="img/{{b.picture}}" class="cover" />        </td>        <td>         {{b.price | number:1}}        </td>        <td>         {{b.author}}        </td>        <td>         <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" ng-click="del(b.id,$index)">删除</button>         <button href="#modal-container-234446" role="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" ng-click="edit(b)">编辑</button>        </td>       </tr>      </tbody>     </table>    </div>   </div>  </div>  <!--引入angularjs框架-->  <script src="js/angular146/angular.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>  <script src="js/jQuery1.11.3/jquery-1.11.3.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>  <script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>  <script type="text/javascript">   //定义模块，指定依赖项为空   var bookApp = angular.module("bookApp", []);   //定义控制器，指定控制器的名称，$scope是全局对象   bookApp.controller("BookController", ['$scope', '$http', function($scope, $http) {    $scope.books = [];    $scope.save = function() {     $http({       url: "http://127.0.0.1:3000/books/book",       data: $scope.book,       method: $scope.book.id ? "PUT" : "POST"      })      .success(function(data, status, headers, config) {       if($scope.book.id) {        alert("修改成功");       } else {        $scope.books.push(data);       }      })      .error(function(data, status, headers, config) {       alert(status);      });    }    $scope.edit = function(b) {     $scope.book = b;    }    $scope.clear = function() {     $scope.book = {};    }    //初始化加载    $http.get("http://127.0.0.1:3000/")     .success(function(data, status, headers, config) {      $scope.books = data;     })     .error(function(data, status, headers, config) {      alert(status);     });    $scope.del = function(id, index) {     $http.delete("http://127.0.0.1:3000/books/id/" + id)      .success(function(data, status, headers, config) {       $scope.books.splice(index, 1);      })      .error(function(data, status, headers, config) {       alert(status);      });    }   }]);  </script> </body></html>

运行结果：