首页 > 编程 > JavaScript > 正文

详解vue2父组件传递props异步数据到子组件的问题

2019-11-19 16:13:30
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友

测试环境:vue v2.3.3, vue v2.3.1

案例一

父组件parent.vue

// asyncData为异步获取的数据,想传递给子组件使用<template> <div>  父组件  <child :child-data="asyncData"></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({   asyncData: ''  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {  },  mounted () {   // setTimeout模拟异步数据   setTimeout(() => {    this.asyncData = 'async data'    console.log('parent finish')   }, 2000)  } }</script>

子组件child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件{{childData}} </div></template><script> export default {  props: ['childData'],  data: () => ({  }),  created () {   console.log(this.childData) // 空值  },  methods: {  } }</script>

上面按照这里的解析,子组件的html中的{{childData}}的值会随着父组件的值而改变,但是created里面的却不会发生改变(生命周期问题)

案例二

parent.vue

<template> <div>  父组件  <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({   asyncObject: ''  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {  },  mounted () {   // setTimeout模拟异步数据   setTimeout(() => {    this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}    console.log('parent finish')   }, 2000)  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->  <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  props: ['childObject'],  data: () => ({  }),  created () {   console.log(this.childObject) // 空值  },  methods: {  } }</script>

created里面的却不会发生改变, 子组件的html中的{{{childObject.items[0]}}的值虽然会随着父组件的值而改变,但是过程中会报错

// 首先传过来的是空,然后在异步刷新值,也开始时候childObject.items[0]等同于''.item[0]这样的操作,所以就会报下面的错vue.esm.js?8910:434 [Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"

针对二的解决方法:

使用v-if可以解决报错问题,和created为空问题

// parent.vue<template> <div>  父组件  <child :child-object="asyncObject" v-if="flag"></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({   asyncObject: '',   flag: false  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {  },  mounted () {   // setTimeout模拟异步数据   setTimeout(() => {    this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}    this.flag = true    console.log('parent finish')   }, 2000)  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件  <!--不报错-->  <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  props: ['childObject'],  data: () => ({  }),  created () {   console.log(this.childObject)// Object {items: [1,2,3]}  },  methods: {  } }</script>

子组件使用watch来监听父组件改变的prop,使用methods来代替created

parent.vue

<template> <div>  父组件  <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({   asyncObject: ''  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {  },  mounted () {   // setTimeout模拟异步数据   setTimeout(() => {    this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}    console.log('parent finish')   }, 2000)  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件<!--1-->  <p>{{test}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  props: ['childObject'],  data: () => ({   test: ''  }),  watch: {   'childObject.items': function (n, o) {    this.test = n[0]    this.updata()   }  },  methods: {   updata () { // 既然created只会执行一次,但是又想监听改变的值做其他事情的话,只能搬到这里咯    console.log(this.test)// 1   }  } }</script>

子组件watch computed data 相结合,有点麻烦

parent.vue

<template> <div>  父组件  <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({   asyncObject: undefined  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {  },  mounted () {   // setTimeout模拟异步数据   setTimeout(() => {    this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}    console.log('parent finish')   }, 2000)  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->  <p>{{test}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  props: ['childObject'],  data: () => ({   test: ''  }),  watch: {   'childObject.items': function (n, o) {    this._test = n[0]   }  },  computed: {   _test: {    set (value) {     this.update()     this.test = value    },    get () {     return this.test    }   }  },  methods: {   update () {    console.log(this.childObject) // {items: [1,2,3]}   }  } }</script>

使用emit,on,bus相结合

parent.vue

<template> <div>  父组件  <child></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({  }),  components: {   child  },  mounted () {   // setTimeout模拟异步数据   setTimeout(() => {    // 触发子组件,并且传递数据过去    this.$bus.emit('triggerChild', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})    console.log('parent finish')   }, 2000)  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件  <p>{{test}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  props: ['childObject'],  data: () => ({   test: ''  }),  created () {   // 绑定   this.$bus.on('triggerChild', (parmas) => {    this.test = parmas.items[0] // 1    this.updata()   })  },  methods: {   updata () {    console.log(this.test) // 1   }  } }</script>

这里使用了bus这个库,parent.vue和child.vue必须公用一个事件总线(也就是要引入同一个js,这个js定义了一个类似let bus = new Vue()的东西供这两个组件连接),才能相互触发

使用prop default来解决{{childObject.items[0]}}

parent.vue

<template> <div>  父组件  <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({   asyncObject: undefined // 这里使用null反而报0的错  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {  },  mounted () {   // setTimeout模拟异步数据   setTimeout(() => {    this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}    console.log('parent finish')   }, 2000)  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件<!--1-->  <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  props: {   childObject: {    type: Object,    default () {     return {      items: ''     }    }   }  },  data: () => ({  }),  created () {   console.log(this.childObject) // {item: ''}  } }</script>

在说用vuex解决方法的时候,首先看看案例三

案例三

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'import App from './App'import router from './router'import VueBus from 'vue-bus'import index from './index.js'Vue.use(VueBus)Vue.config.productionTip = falseimport Vuex from 'vuex'Vue.use(Vuex)const store = new Vuex.Store({ modules: {  index }})/* eslint-disable no-new */new Vue({ el: '#app', store, router, template: '<App/>', components: { App }})

index.js

const state = { asyncData: ''}const actions = { asyncAction ({ commit }) {  setTimeout(() => {   commit('asyncMutation')  }, 2000) }}const getters = {}const mutations = { asyncMutation (state) {  state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]} }}export default { state, actions, getters, mutations}

parent.vue

<template> <div>  父组件  <child></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {   this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')  },  mounted () {  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件  <p>{{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  data: () => ({  }),  created () {  },  methods: {  } }</script>

{{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}可以取到改变的值,但是过程中还是出现这样的报错,原因同上

复制代码 代码如下:

[Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"

所以这里的解决方法是:vuex结合computed、mapState或者合computed、mapGetters

parent.vue

<template> <div>  父组件  <child></child> </div></template><script> import child from './child' export default {  data: () => ({  }),  components: {   child  },  created () {   this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')  },  mounted () {  } }</script>

child.vue

<template> <div>  子组件  <p>{{item0}}</p>  <p>{{item}}</p> </div></template><script> import { mapState, mapGetters } from 'vuex' export default {  data: () => ({   test: ''  }),  computed: {   ...mapGetters({    item: 'getAsyncData'   }),   ...mapState({    item0: state => state.index.asyncData   })  },  created () {  },  methods: {  } }</script>

index.js

const state = { asyncData: ''}const actions = { asyncAction ({ commit }) {  setTimeout(() => {   commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})// 作为参数,去调用mutations中的asyncMutation方法来对state改变  }, 2000) }}const getters = { getAsyncData: state => state.asyncData}const mutations = { asyncMutation (state, params) {  state.asyncData = params.items[0] // 此时params={'items': [1, 2, 3]}被传过来赋值给asyncData,来同步更新asyncData的值,这样html就可以拿到asyncData.items[0]这样的值了 }}export default { state, actions, getters, mutations}

注意上面的

....commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})...state.asyncData = params.items[0]

如果写成这样的话

commit('asyncMutation')state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}

首先asyncAction是个异步的操作,所以asyncData默认值为空,那么还是导致,child.vue这里报0的错

<template> <div>  子组件  <p>{{item0}}</p>  <p>{{item}}</p> </div></template>

不过根据以上的案例,得出来一个问题就是异步更新值的问题,就是说开始的时候有个默认值,这个默认值会被异步数据改变,比如说这个异步数据返回的object,如果你用props的方式去传递这个数据,其实第一次传递的空值,第二次传递的是更新后的值,所以就出现{{childObject.items[0]}}类似这种取不到值的问题,既然说第一次是空值,它会这样处理''.items[0],那么我们是不是可以在html判断这个是不是空(或者在computed来判断是否为默认值),所以把案例二的child.vue

<template> <div>  <p>{{childObject != '' ? childObject.items[0]: ''}}</p> </div></template><script> export default {  props: ['childObject'],  data: () => ({  }),  created () {   console.log(this.childObject) // 空值  },  methods: {  } }</script>

这样是可以通过不报错的,就是created是空值,猜想上面vuex去stroe也可以也可以这样做

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表