首页 > 编程 > JavaScript > 正文

Angular实现表单验证功能

2019-11-19 14:56:39
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友

Angular表单验证分为两种验证:1.内置验证(required,minlength等);2.自定义验证(正则表达式)。

接下来我们用一个注册账号的demo来看一下这两种验证是如何实现的。

项目界面

一、内置验证

其中账户名有required验证和最短长度验证,其他两个只有required验证

1.项目目录

----------app.component.ts

----------app.component.html

----------app.component.css

----------app.module.ts

2.项目代码

app.module.ts

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule }  from '@angular/forms';//表单验证必须导入这两个模块import { AppComponent } from './app.component';@NgModule({ declarations: [  AppComponent ], imports: [  BrowserModule,  FormsModule,  //注册模块  ReactiveFormsModule ], providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent]})export class AppModule { } 

app.component.ts

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';@Component({ selector: 'app-root', templateUrl: './app.component.html', styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']})export class AppComponent { title = 'app'; Form:FormGroup; data={   name:"",   email:"",   tel:"" } ngOnInit(): void {   this.Form = new FormGroup({      'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [       Validators.required,       Validators.minLength(4)      ]),      'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, Validators.required),      'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)     });  }  get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }  get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }  get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }}

简单来说,在使用验证表单的时候,大致分为四步:

(1)导入相关模块FormGroup, FormControl, Validators;

(2)声明表单验证变量From:FromGroup;

(3)定义验证规则;

(4)通过它所属的控件组(FormGroup)的get方法来访问表单控件

app.component.html

<div class="wrapper">  <div class="row">    <p class="title-wrapper">注册账号</p>  </div>  <div class="row">    <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form">      <label for="name">账户名:</label>      <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/>      <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">        <div *ngIf="name.errors.required">          请输入长度账户名!        </div>        <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength">          账户名长度不小于4!        </div>      </div>      <label for="email">邮箱:</label>      <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email"><br/>      <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">        <div *ngIf="email.errors.required">          请输入邮箱!        </div>      </div>      <label for="tel">电话:</label>      <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel">      <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">        <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required">          请输入电话!        </div>      </div>    </div>  </div>  <div class="row">    <button class="btn btn-primary confirm">确认</button>  </div></div>

app.component.css

*{  font-size: 18px;}.wrapper{  margin: 0 auto;  margin-top:10%;  width:30%;  height: 20%;  border:1px solid black;  border-radius: 10px;}.title-wrapper{  margin: 0 auto;  padding-top: 20px;   padding-bottom: 20px;  width:370px;  text-align: center;  font-size: 20px;  font-weight: 800;}label{  display: inline-block;  width:72px;}.contain-wrapper{  width: 300px;  margin:0 auto;}.confirm{  margin-top:20px;  width:100%;}

3.项目效果

二、自定义验证

自定义表单验证,需要创建自定义验证器,我们接下来更改邮箱的验证,将其改为有格式的验证,而不是单纯的存在验证,首先我们来看一下项目目录的更改

1.项目目录

----------app.component.ts

----------app.component.html

----------app.component.css

----------app.module.ts

----------emailAuthentication.ts

2.项目代码

app.module.ts

注册自定义验证器EmailValidatorDirective

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule }  from '@angular/forms';import { EmailValidatorDirective } from './emailAuthentication';import { AppComponent } from './app.component';@NgModule({ declarations: [  AppComponent,  EmailValidatorDirective ], imports: [  BrowserModule,  FormsModule,  ReactiveFormsModule ], providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent]})export class AppModule { }

emailAuthentication.ts

import { Directive, Input, OnChanges, SimpleChanges } from '@angular/core';import { AbstractControl, NG_VALIDATORS, Validator, ValidatorFn, Validators } from '@angular/forms';/** A hero's name can't match the given regular expression */export function emailValidator(nameRe: RegExp): ValidatorFn {  return (control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } => {    const forbidden = !nameRe.test(control.value);    return forbidden ? { 'forbiddenName': { value: control.value } } : null;  };}@Directive({  selector: '[appForbiddenName]',  providers: [{ provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useExisting: EmailValidatorDirective, multi: true }]})export class EmailValidatorDirective implements Validator {  @Input() forbiddenName: string;  validate(control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {    return this.forbiddenName ? emailValidator(new RegExp(this.forbiddenName, 'i'))(control)      : null;  }}

app.component.ts

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';import { emailValidator } from './emailAuthentication'; //导入emailValidator自定义验证器@Component({ selector: 'app-root', templateUrl: './app.component.html', styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']})export class AppComponent { title = 'app'; //email的正则表达式 emailExp = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+(.[a-zA-Z0-9_-])+/ ; Form:FormGroup; data={   name:"",   email:"",   tel:"" } ngOnInit(): void {   this.Form = new FormGroup({      'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [       Validators.required,       Validators.minLength(4)      ]),      'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, [        Validators.required,        emailValidator(this.emailExp) //自定义验证器        ]),      'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)     });  }  get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }  get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }  get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }}

app.component.html

<div class="wrapper">  <div class="row">    <p class="title-wrapper">注册账号</p>  </div>  <div class="row">    <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form">      <label for="name">账户名:</label>      <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/>      <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">        <div *ngIf="name.errors.required">          请输入账户名!        </div>        <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength">          账户名长度不小于4!        </div>      </div>      <label for="email">邮箱:</label>      <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email" required><br/>      <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">        <div *ngIf="email.errors.forbiddenName">         请输入正确格式的邮箱!        </div>      </div>      <label for="tel">电话:</label>      <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel">      <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">        <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required">          请输入电话!        </div>      </div>    </div>  </div>  <div class="row">    <button class="btn btn-primary confirm" [disabled]="Form.invalid" >确认</button>  </div></div>

在最后确认的时候,我们设置一下按钮的disabled属性,在表单验证不通过的时候,确认按钮是点击不了的,显示不可点击状态。[disabled]="Form.invalid"。

3.项目效果

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表