实际上,前面我们已经用到了SELECT语句,它用来从数据库表中检索信息。 select语句格式一般为: SELECT 检索关键词 FROM 被检索的表 WHERE 检索条件(可选) 以前所使用的“ * ”表示选择所有的列。 下面继续使用我们在上篇文章中创建的表mytable。
2、查询所有数据:
MySQL> select * from mytable; +----------+------+------------+----------+ | name | sex | birth | birthaddr | +----------+------+------------+--------+ | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china | | mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa | | tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa | +----------+------+------------+----------+ 3 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、修正错误记录:
假如tom的出生日期有错误,应该是1973-09-02,则可以用update语句来修正: mysql> update mytable set birth = "1973-09-02" where name = "tom"; 再用2中的语句看看是否已更正过来。
4、选择特定行
上面修改了tom的出生日期,我们可以选择tom这一行来看看是否已经有了变化:
mysql> select * from mytable where name = "tom"; +--------+------+------------+------------+ | name |sex | birth | birthaddr | +--------+------+------------+------------+ | tom |m | 1973-09-02 | usa | +--------+------+------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.06 sec)
上面WHERE的参数指定了检索条件。我们还可以用组合条件来进行查询:
mysql> SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE sex = "f" AND birthaddr = "china"; +--------+------+------------+------------+ | name |sex | birth | birthaddr | +--------+------+------------+------------+ | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china | +--------+------+------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.06 sec)
5、 选择特定列
假如你想查看表中的所有人的姓名,则可以这样操作:
mysql> SELECT name FROM mytable; +----------+ | name | +----------+ | abccs | | mary | | tom | +----------+ 3 row in set (0.00 sec)
如果想列出姓名和性别两列,则可以用逗号将关键词name和birth分开: myaql> select name,birth from mytable;
6、对行进行排序
我们可以对表中的记录按生日大小进行排序:
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth; +----------+------------+ | name | birth | +----------+------------+ | tom | 1973-09-02 | | abccs | 1977-07-07 | | mary | 1978-12-12 | +----------+------------+ 3 row in set (0.00 sec)
我们可以用DESC来进行逆序排序:
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth DESC; +----------+------------+ | name | birth | +----------+------------+ | mary | 1978-12-12 | | abccs | 1977-07-07 | | tom | 1973-09-02 | +----------+------------+ 3 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable; +----------+ | COUNT(*) | +----------+ | 3 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.06 sec) 员工中男女数量: mysql> SELECT sex, COUNT(*) FROM mytable GROUP BY sex; +------+----------+ | sex | COUNT(*) | +------+----------+ | f | 2 | | m | 1 | +------+----------+ 2 row in set (0.00 sec)