如何用C#来部署数据库

2019-11-18 16:35:36

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来源：转载

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现在好多程序，都是与数据库相关的，因此在做安装的时候，部署数据库看似是一件很复杂的事情。其实就我个人而言，部署数据库是很简单，大致的思路如下：
1．用本身的DBMS来产生数据库创建的SQL脚本；
2．接下来就是写程序来执行SQL脚本，从而达到创建数据库的目的。

以下用一个举例来说明，数据库服务器用的是SQL Server。

首先要在数据库生成好的SQL脚本最前头，加入如下语句：
       use master
GO

if exists (select * from sysdatabases where name='mytest')
            drop database mytest
GO

create database mytest
GO

use mytest
GO
注：其中“mytest”是要创建的数据库名。

而程序的代码如下：
//---------------------------Create DB-------------------------------------
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
//---File:frmCreateDB.cs
//---Description:The main form file to create database using specific SQL file
//---Author:Knight
//---Date:Mar.18, 2006
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
//-------------------------{ Create DB }-----------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

using System.IO;
namespace CreateDB
{
    ///<summary>
    /// Summary description for frmCreateDB.
    ///</summary>
    public class frmCreateDB : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        PRivate System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtServerName;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtUserName;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtPassWord;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnCreateDB;
        ///<summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        ///</summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

        public frmCreateDB()
        {
            //
            // Required for Windows Form Designer support
            //
            InitializeComponent();

            //
            // TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call
            //
        }

        ///<summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        ///</summary>
        protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
        {
            if( disposing )
            {
                if (components != null)
                {
                    components.Dispose();
                }
            }
            base.Dispose( disposing );
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code
        ///<summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        ///</summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.txtServerName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.txtUserName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.txtPassword = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.btnCreateDB = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            //
            // label1
            //
            this.label1.AutoSize = true;
            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 32);
            this.label1.Name = "label1";
            this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(74, 16);
            this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.label1.Text = "Server Name:";
            //
            // txtServerName
            //
            this.txtServerName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 32);
            this.txtServerName.Name = "txtServerName";
            this.txtServerName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);
            this.txtServerName.TabIndex = 1;
            this.txtServerName.Text = "";
            //
            // txtUserName
            //
            this.txtUserName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 64);
            this.txtUserName.Name = "txtUserName";
            this.txtUserName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);
            this.txtUserName.TabIndex = 3;
            this.txtUserName.Text = "";
            //
            // label2
            //
            this.label2.AutoSize = true;
            this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 64);
            this.label2.Name = "label2";
            this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);
            this.label2.TabIndex = 2;
            this.label2.Text = "User Name:";
            //
            // txtPassword
            //
            this.txtPassword.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 96);
            this.txtPassword.Name = "txtPassword";
            this.txtPassword.PasswordChar = '*';
            this.txtPassword.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);
            this.txtPassword.TabIndex = 5;
            this.txtPassword.Text = "";
            //
            // label3
            //
            this.label3.AutoSize = true;
            this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(48, 96);
            this.label3.Name = "label3";
            this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(57, 16);
            this.label3.TabIndex = 4;
            this.label3.Text = "Password:";
            //
            // btnCreateDB
            //
            this.btnCreateDB.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(168, 136);
            this.btnCreateDB.Name = "btnCreateDB";
            this.btnCreateDB.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 23);
            this.btnCreateDB.TabIndex = 6;
            this.btnCreateDB.Text = "&Create DB";
            this.btnCreateDB.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnCreateDB_Click);
            //
            // frmCreateDB
            //
            this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(306, 175);
            this.Controls.Add(this.btnCreateDB);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txtPassword);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txtUserName);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txtServerName);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
            this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle;
            this.MaximizeBox = false;
            this.Name = "frmCreateDB";
            this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
            this.Text = "Create DB";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }
        #endregion

        ///<summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        ///</summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.Run(new frmCreateDB());
        }

        private void btnCreateDB_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection();
            sqlConn.ConnectionString = "Data Source= " + txtServerName.Text + ";"
                + " User id=" + txtUserName.Text + ";"
                + " Password=" + txtPassword.Text + "; Initial Catalog=master";

            try
            {
                sqlConn.Open();
            }
            catch
            {
                MessageBox.Show( "Failed to connect to DB!" );
                return;
            }

            //Create DB using specific file
            CreateDB( ref sqlConn );
            sqlConn.Close();
            sqlConn.Dispose();
        }

        private bool ReadSQLFromFile(out string strQuery)
        {
            const string strFileName = "DBFile.sql";//Give specific SQL file
            strQuery = ""; //Init return value

            if( File.Exists(strFileName) )
            {
                StreamReader sr = File.OpenText(strFileName);
                strQuery = sr.ReadToEnd();

                sr.Close();
                return true;
            }
            else
                return false;
        }

        private bool CreateDB( ref SqlConnection sqlConn )
        {
            string strQuery;
            if( ReadSQLFromFile( out strQuery ) )
            {
                strQuery = strQuery.Replace( "/r/n", " " );
                strQuery = strQuery.Replace( " GO ", " ; " );

                SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand( strQuery, sqlConn );

                try
                {
                    sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    return true;
                }
                catch( SqlException sqlErr )
                {
                    MessageBox.Show( sqlErr.Message );
                }
                catch
                {
                }

                sqlComm.Dispose();
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
}

       要注意的是在SQL脚本中的“/r/n”，在SQLCommand中是无法识别，因此要替换为空格；其次“GO” 在SQLCommand中也是无法识别，但为了使每条语句都执行，因此我在这里，用“；”来替换。

       注：程序的位置和SQL脚本文件的位置为同一目录下，如果觉得不方便的话，可以在我的基础上再延伸。

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