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Java 1.5新特性Enum列举的用法

2019-11-18 14:06:13
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  Enum是enumeration(列举)的简写形式,包含在java.lang包中。熟悉C, C++, C#, 或 Pascal人应该对列举有所了解,先看个例子:

  public enum Season { winter, sPRing, summer, fall }

  一个enum是定义一组值的对象,它可以包括零个或多个值成员。它是属于enum类型的,一个enum对象中不可有两个或多个相同的属性或值。在次之前的java程序员一般是 用接口的方法实现列举的,如 :

  public interface Season {

  static winter = 0;

  static spring = 1; //etc……

  }

  引入了enum的java的列举的编写方便了许多,只须定义一个enum型的对象。enum对象的值都回自动获得一个数字值,从0开始,依次递增。看一个比较简单的enum实现的例子:

  EnumDemo.java

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  We can loop over the values we put into the enum

  using the values() method.

  Note that the enum Seasons is compiled into a

  separate unit, called EnumDemo$Seasons.class

  */

  public class EnumDemo {

  /*declare the enum and add values to it. note that, like in C#, we don't use a ; to

  end this statement and we use commas to separate the values */

  private enum Seasons { winter, spring,

  summer, fall }

  //list the values

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  for (Seasons s : Seasons.values()){

  System.out.println(s);

  }

  }

  }运行上述代码你回得到 以下结果:

  winter

  spring

  summer

  fall


 

  Enum的属性调用:

  下面的代码展示了调用enum对象的方法,这也是它通常的用法:

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  File: EnumSwitch.java

  Purpose: show how to switch against the values in an enum.

  */

  public class EnumSwitch {

  private enum Color { red, blue, green }

  //list the values

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  //refer to the qualified value

  doIt(Color.red);

  }

  /*note that you switch against the UNQUALIFIED name. that is, "case Color.red:" is a

  compiler error */

  private static void doIt(Color c){

  switch (c) {

  case red:

  System.out.println("value is " + Color.red);

  break;

  case green:

  System.out.println("value is " + Color.green);

  break;

  case blue:

  System.out.println("value is : " + Color.blue);

  break;

  default :

  System.out.println("default");

  }

  }


 

  为enums添加属性和方法

  enums也可以象一般的类一样添加方法和属性,你可以为它添加静态和非静态的属性或方法,这一切都象你在一般的类中做的那样。

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  File: EnumDemo.java

  Purpose: show how to use an enum that also defines its own fields and methods

  */

  public class EnumWithMethods {

  //declare the enum and add values to it.

  public enum Season {

  winter, spring, summer, fall;



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