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JDBC和Hibernate来写入Blob型数据

2019-11-18 12:37:28
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  Oracle的Blob字段比较非凡,他比long字段的性能要好很多,可以用来保存例如图片之类的二进制数据。
  
  写入Blob字段和写入其它类型字段的方式非常不同,因为Blob自身有一个cursor,你必须使用cursor对blob进行操作,因而你在写入Blob之前,必须获得cursor才能进行写入,那么如何获得Blob的cursor呢?
  
  这需要你先插入一个empty的blob,这将创建一个blob的cursor,然后你再把这个empty的blob的cursor用select查询出来,这样通过两步操作,你就获得了blob的cursor,可以真正的写入blob数据了。
  
  看下面的JDBC的demo,把oraclejdbc.jar这个二进制文件写入数据库javatest的content字段(这是一个blob型字段)
  
  java代码:
  
  import java.sql.*;
  import java.io.*;
  import oracle.sql.*;
  public class WriteBlob {
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  
  try {
  DriverManager.registerDriver(new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver());
  Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl","fankai","fankai");
  conn.setAutoCommit(false);
  
  BLOB blob = null;
  
  PReparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("insert into javatest(name,content) values(?,empty_blob())");
  pstmt.setString(1,"fankai");
  pstmt.executeUpdate();
  pstmt.close();
  
  pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("select content from javatest where name= ? for update");
  pstmt.setString(1,"fankai");
  ResultSet rset = pstmt.executeQuery();
  if (rset.next()) blob = (BLOB) rset.getBlob(1);
  
  String fileName = "oraclejdbc.jar";
  File f = new File(fileName);
  FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(f);
  System.out.println("file size = " + fin.available());
  
  pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("update javatest set content=? where name=?");
  
  OutputStream out = blob.getBinaryOutputStream();
  
  int count = -1, total = 0;
  byte[] data = new byte[(int)fin.available()];
  fin.read(data);
  out.write(data);
  /*
  byte[] data = new byte[blob.getBufferSize()]; 另一种实现方法,节省内存
  while ((count = fin.read(data)) != -1) {
  total += count;
  out.write(data, 0, count);
  }
  */
  
  fin.close();
  out.close();
  
  pstmt.setBlob(1,blob);
  pstmt.setString(2,"fankai");
  
  pstmt.executeUpdate();
  pstmt.close();
  
  conn.commit();
  conn.close();
  } catch (SQLException e) {
  System.err.println(e.getMessage());
  e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (IOException e) {
  System.err.println(e.getMessage());
  }
  }
  
  }
  
  仔细看上例,分三步:
  
  1、插入空blob
  into javatest(name,content) values(?,empty_blob());
  
  2、获得blob的cursor
  select content from javatest where name= ? for update;
  
  注重!!!必须加for update,这将锁定该行,直至该行被修改完毕,保证不产生并发冲突。
  
  3、update javatest set content=? where name=
  
  用cursor往数据库写数据
  
  这里面还有一点要提醒大家:
  
  JDK1.3带的JDBC2.0规范是不完善的,只有读Blob的接口,而没有写Blob的接口,JDK1.4带的JDBC3.0加入了写Blob的接口。你可以使用JDBC3.0的接口,也可以直接使用Oracle的JDBC的API,我在上例中使用了Oracle的JDBC的API。
  
  另外要注重的是:
  
  java.sql.Blob
  oracle.sql.BLOB
  
  注重看blob的大小写,是不一样的。写程序的时候不要搞混了。
  
  下面看看用Hibernate怎么写,原理是一样的,也要分三步,但是代码简单很多
  
  这是Cat对象定义
  
  java代码:
  
  package com.fankai;
  
  import java.sql.Blob;
  
  public class Cat {
  private String id;
  private String name;
  private char sex;
  private float weight;
  private Blob image;
  public Cat() { }
  
  public String getId() { return id; }
  public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }
  
  public String getName() { return name; }
  public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
  
  public char getSex() { return sex; }
  public void setSex(char sex) { this.sex = sex; }
  
  public float getWeight() { return weight; }
  public void setWeight(float weight) { this.weight = weight; }
  
  public Blob getImage() { return image; }
  public void setImage(Blob image) { this.image = image;}
  }
  
  这是Cat.hbm.xml
  
  java代码:
  
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping SYSTEM "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd">
  
  <hibernate-mapping>
  <class name="com.fankai.Cat" table="cat">
  <!--jcs-cache usage="read-only"/-->
  <id name="id" unsaved-value="null">
  <generator class="uuid.hex"/>
  </id>
  <property name="name" length="16" not-null="true"/>
  <property name="sex" length="1" not-null="true"/>
  <property name="weight" />
  <property name="image" />
  </class>
  </hibernate-mapping>
  
  下面是完整的用Hibernate写入Blob的例子,相比JDBC,已经简单轻松多了,也不用写那些Oracle非凡的sql了:
  
  java代码:
  
  package com.fankai;
  
  import java.sql.Blob;
  import net.sf.hibernate.*;
  import oracle.sql.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class TestCatHibernate {
  public static void testBlob() {
  session s = null;
  byte[] buffer = new byte[1];
  buffer[0] = 1;
  try {
  SessionFactory sf = HibernateSessionFactory.getSessionFactory();
  s = sf.openSession();
  Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
  Cat c = new Cat();
  c.setName("Robbin");
  c.setImage(Hibernate.createBlob(buffer));
  s.save(c);
  s.flush();
  s.refresh(c, LockMode.UPGRADE);
  BLOB blob = (BLOB) c.getImage();
  OutputStream out = blob.getBinaryOutputStream();
  String fileName = "oraclejdbc.jar";
  File f = new File(fileName);
  FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(f);
  int count = -1, total = 0;
  byte[] data = new byte[(int)fin.available()];
  fin.read(data);
  out.write(data);
  fin.close();
  out.close();
  s.flush();
  tx.commit();
  
  } catch (Exception e) {
  System.out.println(e.getMessage());
  } finally {
  if (s != null)
  try {
  s.close();
  } catch (Exception e) {}
  }
  
  }
  }

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