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图解Java连接数据库内幕

2019-11-18 12:10:24
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  java.sql包中的 java.sql.Driver, jdbc.sql.Connection等提供给程序开发人员统一的开发接口
  数据库提供商提供相应的实现,对程序开发人员来讲只要知道这些接口都有哪些方法就可以了
  但我们可以深入一些 看看到底这里面都做了那些事, 同时也可以学习其中的编程模式(如Interface模式等)
  
  1 Class.forName(String classname) 的源码为:
  public final
  class Class implements java.io.Serializable {
  ...
  public static Class forName(String className)
  throws ClassNotFoundException {
  return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
  }
  
  ...
  }
  关于forName0 请自己查看jdk source.
  
  目的是把指定的Class装载到JVM中来。(注重class的装载、初始化过程)
  在装载过程中将执行被装载类的static块(如下)
  
  2 sun的JdbcOdbcDriver 源码:
  public class JdbcOdbcDriver extends JdbcOdbcObject
  implements JdbcOdbcDriverInterface
  {
  ...
  /**
  * connect to DB
  */
  public synchronized Connection connect(String s, PRoperties properties)
  throws SQLException
  {
  if(JdbcOdbcObject.isTracing())
  JdbcOdbcObject.trace("*Driver.connect (" + s + ")");
  if(!acceptsURL(s))
  return null;
  if(hDbc != 0)
  {
  disconnect(hDbc);
  closeConnection(hDbc);
  hDbc = 0;
  }
  if(!initialize())
  {
  return null;
  }
  else
  {
  JdbcOdbcConnection jdbcodbcconnection = new JdbcOdbcConnection(OdbcApi, hEnv, this);
  jdbcodbcconnection.initialize(getSubName(s), properties, DriverManager.getLoginTimeout());
  jdbcodbcconnection.setURL(s);
  return jdbcodbcconnection;
  }
  }
  
  static
  {
  if(JdbcOdbcObject.isTracing())
  JdbcOdbcObject.trace("JdbcOdbcDriver class loaded");
  JdbcOdbcDriver jdbcodbcdriver = new JdbcOdbcDriver();
  try
  {
  DriverManager.registerDriver(jdbcodbcdriver);
  }
  catch(SQLException sqlexception)
  {
  if(JdbcOdbcObject.isTracing())
  JdbcOdbcObject.trace("Unable to register driver");
  }
  }
  }
  
  public interface JdbcOdbcDriverInterface
  extends Driver
  {
  ...
  }
  
  3 连接过程
  jdbc.sql.Connection con =
  DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:pubs","sa","");
  
  public class DriverManager {
  public static synchronized Connection getConnection(String url,
  String user, String passWord) throws SQLException {
  java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties();
  
  // Gets the classloader of the code that called this method, may
  // be null.
  ClassLoader callerCL = DriverManager.getCallerClassLoader();
  
  if (user != null) {
  info.put("user", user);
  }
  if (password != null) {
  info.put("password", password);
  }
  
  return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL));
  }
  private static synchronized Connection getConnection(
  String url,
  java.util.Properties info,
  ClassLoader callerCL) throws SQLException
  {
  ...
  Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
  ...
  }
  }
  4 结构图:
  图解Java连接数据库内幕

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