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java学习-构造函数

2019-11-17 04:17:42
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 一直学习java,都没有把构造函数弄清楚,通过昨天的学习,现在有了一点点理解,不知道还有什么不知道的,望大家指导指导。

当父类没有任何构造函数,子类定义了一个不带参数的构造函数,这时候在测试类里面创建一个子类的对象时,程序运行时,首先调用系统默认的父类的构造函数,然后再调用子类的构造函数。例子:

public class SuperClass {
 PRivate String name;
 private String birthdate;

public void show() {
  System.out.println("this is a public function" + name + birthdate);

 }

}

public class SubClass extends SuperClass {
 String address;
 
 public SubClass() {
  System.out.println("SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }

 public void personinformation(String _name, String _birth, String _address) {
  System.out.println("output information" + _name + _birth + _address);

 }

}

public class Test {
 
 /**
  * @param args
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  SubClass absence = new SubClass();

 }
}

运行结果:SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor

当父类里面定义了几个构造函数,其中至少有一个不带参数,子类定义了一个不带参数的构造函数,运行的时候,调用不带参数的构造函数,然后再运行子类的构造函数。

public class SuperClass {
 private String name;
 private String birthdate;

public SuperClass() {
  name = "chen";
  birthdate = "feb";

  System.out.println("SuperClass:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }

 public SuperClass(String chen, String febu) {
  name = chen;
  birthdate = febu;
  System.out.println("this is parameter constructor:" + name + birthdate);
 }

public void show() {
  System.out.println("this is a public function" + name + birthdate);

 }

}

public class SubClass extends SuperClass {
 String address;
 
 public SubClass() {
  System.out.println("SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }

 public void personinformation(String _name, String _birth, String _address) {
  System.out.println("output information" + _name + _birth + _address);

 }

}

public class Test {
 
 /**
  * @param args
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  SubClass absence = new SubClass();

 }
}

 运行结果:SuperClass:this is a no parameter constructor
SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor

当父类中只定义带参数的构造函数,父类定义的构造函数和上面的一样,这样程序运行就会出现错误,编译不能通过,会出现错误提示。因为在创建子类对象时,由于没有不带参数的构造函数,它不知道要调用父类的那个构造函数。所以要在定义子类构造的第一行加上调用父类的构造函数:super("hhh");根据括号里面的参数类型、个数来确定调用父类里面的那个构造函数。例子:

public class SuperClass {
 private String name;
 private String birthdate;

public SuperClass(String chen, String febu) {
  name = chen;
  birthdate = febu;
  System.out.println("this is parameter constructor:" + name + birthdate);
 }

 public SuperClass(String chen) {
  name = chen;
  System.out.println("this is parameter constructor1:" + name );
 }
 

public void show() {
  System.out.println("this is a public function" + name + birthdate);

 }

}

public class SubClass extends SuperClass {
 String address;
 
 public SubClass() {

super("hhh");                                      //非常重要!根据他来调用父类的构造函数
  System.out.println("SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }

 public void personinformation(String _name, String _birth, String _address) {
  System.out.println("output information" + _name + _birth + _address);

 }

}

public class Test {
 
 /**
  * @param args
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  SubClass absence = new SubClass();

 }
}

运行结果:this is parameter constructor1:hhh
SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor

 

 

父类只有不带参数的构造函数,如果父类里面有一个其他类的对象实例,子类里面同样有一个其他类的对象实例 ,那么运行的时候后,首先运行的是父类里的那个类的构造函数,在运行父类的构造函数,然后运行子类里的那个类的构造函数,最后运行子类的构函数。

public class SuperClass {
 private String name;
 private String birthdate;

public SuperClass() {
  name = "chen";
  birthdate = "feb";

Circle2 c2 = new Circle2();                                                              //父类里定义了Circle2的对象c2

  System.out.println("SuperClass:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }

 public SuperClass(String chen, String febu) {
  name = chen;
  birthdate = febu;
  System.out.println("this is parameter constructor:" + name + birthdate);
 }

public void show() {
  System.out.println("this is a public function" + name + birthdate);

 }

}

 

 

 

 

public class SubClass extends SuperClass {
 String address;
 Circle c = new Circle();                                               //父类里定义了Circle的对象c
 public SubClass() {
  System.out.println("SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }

 public void personinformation(String _name, String _birth, String _address) {
  System.out.println("output information" + _name + _birth + _address);

 }

}

 

 

 

public class Circle {
 public static final double PI = 3.14;

 public Circle() {
  System.out.println("Circle:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }

 }

 

 

public class Circle2 {
 public static final double PI = 3.14;
 private double banjing;
 
 public Circle2() {
  System.out.println("Circle2:this is a no parameter constructor");
 }
 
}

 

 

public class Test {
 
 /**
  * @param args
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  SubClass absence = new SubClass();

 }
}

运行结果:

Circle2:this is a no parameter constructor
SuperClass:this is a no parameter constructor
Circle:this is a no parameter constructor
SubClass:this is a no parameter constructor


 


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