ASP.NET MVC View 和 Web API 的基本权限验证

ASP.NET MVC 5.0已经发布一段时间了，适应了一段时间，准备把原来的MVC项目重构了一遍，先把基本权限验证这块记录一下。

环境：Windows 7 PRofessional SP1 + Microsoft Visual Studio 2013（MVC 5 + Web API 2）

修改Web.config，增加Forms验证模式，在system.web节点中增加以下配置：

<authentication mode="Forms">  <forms loginUrl="~/login" defaultUrl="~/" protection="All" timeout="20" name="__auth" /></authentication>

【MVC View Controller 篇】

新建一个PageAuth，继承自AuthorizeAttribute：

using System;using System.Net;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using System.Web.Security;

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = true)]public class PageAuth : AuthorizeAttribute{    protected override bool AuthorizeCore(HttpContextBase httpContext)    {        if (httpContext == null)        {            return false;        }        if (httpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated && base.AuthorizeCore(httpContext))        {            return ValidateUser();        }        httpContext.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Forbidden;        return false;    }    public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)    {        base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);        if (filterContext.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode == (int)HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)        {            filterContext.Result = new RedirectToRouteResult("accessErrorPage", null);        }    }    protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(AuthorizationContext filterContext)    {        filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect(FormsAuthentication.LoginUrl);    }    private bool ValidateUser()    {        //TODO: 权限验证        return true;    }}

建一个Controller的基类PageBase，继承自Controller：

using System.Web.Mvc;

[PageAuth]public class PageBase : Controller{}

所有View的Controller均继承自PageBase，不再继承自Controller。

继承PageBase之后，所有的Controller均需登录，给允许匿名访问的Controller（或Action）增加AllowAnonymous（以AccountController为例）：

using System.Web.Mvc;

public class AccountController : PageBase{    [AllowAnonymous]    public ActionResult Login()  // 可匿名访问    {        ViewBag.Title = "用户登录";        return View();    }    public ActionResult Detail(int id)   // 需登录访问    {        ViewBag.Title = "用户详情";        return View();    }}

页面Controller的开发，基本结束，接下来就是在登录页面（~/login）使用js提交登录信息，用post方式提交。

提交之后，需要开发Web API的接口了。

【MVC Web API Controller 篇】

同样，新建一个ApiAuth，继承自ActionFilterAttribute：

using System;using System.Net;using System.Net.Http;using System.Web.Http;using System.Web.Http.Controllers;using System.Web.Http.Filters;using System.Web.Security;

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = true)]public class ApiAuth : ActionFilterAttribute{    public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)    {        try        {            if (actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<AllowAnonymousAttribute>().Count > 0)   // 允许匿名访问            {                base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);                return;            }            var cookie = actionContext.Request.Headers.GetCookies();            if (cookie == null || cookie.Count < 1)            {                actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);                return;            }            FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = null;            foreach (var perCookie in cookie[0].Cookies)            {                if (perCookie.Name == FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName)                {                    ticket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(perCookie.Value);                    break;                }            }            if (ticket == null)            {                actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);                return;            }            // TODO: 添加其它验证方法            base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);        }        catch        {            actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);        }    }}

新建一个ApiController的基类ApiBase，继承自ApiController：

using System.Web.Http;

[ApiAuth]public class ApiBase : ApiController{}

所有API的Controller均继承自ApiBase，不再继承自ApiController。

继承ApiBase之后，给允许匿名访问的Controller（或Action）增加AllowAnonymous（以LoginController为例）：

using System.Web.Http;using System.Web.Security;

public class LoginController : ApiBase{    [HttpPost]    [AllowAnonymous]    public bool Login([FromBody]LoginInfo loginInfo)    {        try        {            var cookie = FormsAuthentication.GetAuthCookie("Username", false);            var ticket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(cookie.Value);            var newTicket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(ticket.Version, ticket.Name, ticket.IssueDate, ticket.Expiration, ticket.IsPersistent, "");            cookie.Value = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(newTicket);            DeyiContext.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);return true;        }        catch        {            return false;        }    }}

【写在最后】

网上查了很多方法，还需要时间验证一下各个方法的合理度。

关于Web API的安全性，个人觉得，还是采用SSL的方式更加稳妥一些。

另外，网上很多写的在Web API的权限判断的时候，使用的是actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization来判断，如下：

if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization == null){    // 判断是否允许匿名访问}else{    var ticket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter);    // 后续其它验证操作}

还没有完成测试该方法，慢慢来吧~~~