Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成（注解）

2019-11-15 00:06:47

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SPRing + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成（注解） Posted on 2015-05-09 11:58 沐浴未来的我和你阅读(...) 评论(...) 编辑收藏

　　在自己从事的项目中都是使用xml配置的方式来进行的，随着项目的越来越大，会发现配置文件会相当的庞大，这个不利于项目的进行和后期的维护。于是考虑使用注解的方式来进行项目的开发，前些日子就抽空学习了一下。在网上也查询了很多使用注解来搭建开发框架的文章，但是有一个问题就是，使用更新的软件版本会出错。这里我将使用最新的Spring，Hibernate来进行框架的搭建，经过测试，顺利运行。分享旨在与大家一起分享学习，共同进步，有不足之处，望不吝赐教，谢谢！

　　本项目使用maven构建，采用Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate + MySQL进行搭建，下面简要说明本项目所使用软件版本：

maven：3.2.3 hibernate：4.3.9.Final spring：4.1.6.RELEASE mysql：5.1.35

　　接下来我看一下项目的整体结构：

下面我们开始框架的搭建之旅吧。

一，配置文件

1，首先配置pom.xml，获得项目所需要的jar文件。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>cn</groupId>    <artifactId>mylife</artifactId>    <packaging>war</packaging>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <name>mylife Maven Webapp</name>    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>        <!-- 设置使用框架的版本 -->    <properties>        <hibernate-version>4.3.9.Final</hibernate-version>        <spring-version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring-version>        <mysql-driver-version>5.1.35</mysql-driver-version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>junit</groupId>            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>            <version>4.12</version>        </dependency>        <!-- servlet api -->        <dependency>            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>            <version>3.1.0</version>        </dependency>        <!-- jstl -->        <dependency>            <groupId>jstl</groupId>            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>            <version>1.2</version>        </dependency>        <!-- hibernate -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>            <version>${hibernate-version}</version>        </dependency>        <!-- spring -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>            <version>${spring-version}</version>        </dependency>        <!-- MySQL驱动 -->        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <version>${mysql-driver-version}</version>        </dependency>        <!-- dbcp -->        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>            <version>1.4</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>            <version>2.4</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <finalName>mylife</finalName>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>                <configuration>                    <source>1.8</source>                    <target>1.8</target>                </configuration>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>

2，配置Spring MVC，在calsspath路径下创建一个spring-mvc.xml文件，具体配置如下：

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 5     xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" 6     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 7     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" 8     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 9     xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms"10     xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"11     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"12     xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"13     xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"14     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"15     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"16     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd17         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd18         http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd19         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd20         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd21         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd22         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-4.0.xsd23         http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd24         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd25         http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-4.0.xsd26         http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd27         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd28         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">29     <!-- 扫描controller组件 -->30     <context:component-scan base-package="cn.mylife.controller"/>31     <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->32     <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">33         <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />34         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />35         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />36     </bean>37     <!-- 启动springMVC注解 -->38     <mvc:annotation-driven/>39     40 </beans>

3，配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">    <display-name>mylife</display-name>        <!-- 启动服务时加载的文件 -->    <context-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>    </context-param>    <context-param>        <!-- 日志配置文件路径 -->        <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>    </context-param>    <context-param>        <!-- 日志页面的刷新间隔 -->        <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>        <param-value>6000</param-value>    </context-param>        <listener>        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>    </listener>        <servlet>        <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>        <init-param>            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>        </init-param>        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>    </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping>    <filter>        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>        <init-param>            <param-name>encoding</param-name>            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>        </init-param>    </filter>    <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    </filter-mapping>        <error-page>        <error-code>404</error-code>        <location>/404.html</location>    </error-page>      <welcome-file-list>      <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>      <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>      <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>      <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>      <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>      <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>    </welcome-file-list></web-app>

4，配置Spring，在classpath路径下新建applicationContext.xml文件，配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"    xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms"    xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"    xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"        default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.mylife"/>            <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:hibernate.properties"/>    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>        <property name="passWord" value="${jdbc.password}"/>    </bean>    <!-- org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationsessionFactoryBean -->    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />        <property name="hibernateProperties">              <props>                  <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>                  <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>                  <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">${hibernate.cache.provider_class}</prop>                  <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>                  <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">${hibernate.jdbc.batch_size}</prop>                  <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>                  <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>                  <!-- 这一个必须配置，否则会出现no session 的错误 -->                <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">${hibernate.current_session_context_class}</prop> -->            </props>          </property>        <!-- 自动扫描制定位置下的实体进行映射  -->         <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.mylife.entity"/>    </bean>        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/></beans>

二，代码实现

1，创建entity实体类：cn.mylife.entity.User

package cn.mylife.entity;import java.io.Serializable;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.GenerationType;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Table;/** * 用户User实体类 * @author Xiongyan * @date 2015年5月6日 上午10:24:24 * @version 0.0.1 */@SuppressWarnings("serial")@Entity@Table(name="tb_user")public class User implements Serializable {    @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)    private Integer id;        @Column(name="user_name", length=50, nullable=false)    private String name;    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }}

2，实现dao层基类：cn.mylife.dao.BaseDao<T>

package cn.mylife.dao;import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;/** * dao层基类，实现增，删，改，查等常用功能。 *  * @author Xiongyan * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:24:08 * @version 0.0.1 * @param <T> */@Repositorypublic class BaseDao<T> {    @Resource    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;    /**     * 保存数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:24:54     * @throws     * @return void 返回类型     */    public void save(T t) {        sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(t);    }    /**     * 删除数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:26:41     * @throws     * @return void 返回类型     */    public void delete(Serializable id, Class<T> clazz) {        T t = get(id, clazz);        if (t != null)            sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(t);        else            new RuntimeException("你要删除的数据不存在").printStackTrace();        ;    }    /**     * 更新数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:29:13     * @throws     * @return void 返回类型     */    public void update(T t) {        sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(t);    }    /**     * 根据ID查找数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:29:46     * @throws     * @return T 返回类型     */    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    public T get(Serializable id, Class<T> clazz) {        return (T) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(clazz, id);    }    /**     * 查找所有数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:30:16     * @throws     * @return List<T> 返回类型     */    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    public List<T> getAll(Class<T> clazz) {        return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(clazz.toString()).list();    }}

3，service层代码的实现

package cn.mylife.service.user;import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.List;import javax.transaction.Transactional;/** * Service层基类，定义通用的增，删，改，查功能接口。 *  * @author Xiongyan * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:41:57 * @version 0.0.1 * @param <T> */public interface BaseService<T> {    /**     * 保存数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:42:42     * @throws     * @return void 返回类型     */    @Transactional    public void save(T t);    /**     * 删除数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:08     * @throws     * @return void 返回类型     */    @Transactional    public void delete(Serializable id);    /**     * 更新数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:19     * @throws     * @return void 返回类型     */    @Transactional    public void update(T t);    /**     * 根据ID获取数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:30     * @throws     * @return T 返回类型     */    public T get(Serializable id);    /**     * 获取所有的数据     *      * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:52     * @throws     * @return List<T> 返回类型     */    public List<T> getAll();}

package cn.mylife.service.user.impl;import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import cn.mylife.dao.BaseDao;import cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService;import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;import java.lang.reflect.Type;/** * Service层基类实现类。该类是一个抽象类。 * @author Xiongyan * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:59:53 * @version 0.0.1 * @param <T> */public abstract class BaseServiceImpl<T> implements BaseService<T> {    @Resource    private BaseDao<T> baseDao;    private Class<T> clazz;    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })    public BaseServiceImpl() {        // 子类        Class cla = getClass();        // 通过子类获取到父类         // 泛型参数        Type type = cla.getGenericSuperclass();        if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {            ParameterizedType pType = (ParameterizedType) type;            clazz = (Class<T>) pType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];        }    }    /*     * 保存数据     * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:55:23     * (non-Javadoc)     * @throws      * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#save(java.lang.Object)     */    @Override    public void save(T t) {        baseDao.save(t);    }    /*     * 根据ID删除数据     * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:56:01     * (non-Javadoc)     * @throws      * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#delete(java.io.Serializable)     */    @Override    public void delete(Serializable id) {        baseDao.delete(id, clazz);    }    /*     * 更新数据     * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:56:51     * (non-Javadoc)     * @throws      * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#update(java.lang.Object)     */    @Override    public void update(T t) {        baseDao.update(t);    }    /*     * 根据ID获得数据     * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:57:54     * (non-Javadoc)     * @throws      * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#get(java.io.Serializable)     */    @Override    public T get(Serializable id) {        return baseDao.get(id, clazz);    }    /*     * 获取所有的数据     * @author Xiongyan     * @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:58:34     * (non-Javadoc)     * @throws      * @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#getAll()     */    @Override    public List<T> getAll() {        return baseDao.getAll(clazz);    }}

package cn.mylife.service.user;import cn.mylife.entity.User;public interface UserService extends BaseService<User>{    }

package cn.mylife.service.user.impl;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import cn.mylife.entity.User;import cn.mylife.service.user.UserService;@Servicepublic class UserServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<User> implements UserService{    }

4，controller层代码的实现

package cn.mylife.controller;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;@Controller@RequestMapping("/user")@Scope("prototype")public class UserController {    @RequestMapping(value = "/save")    public ModelAndView saveUser() {        ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView("/jsps/testPage");        System.out.println("-- 访问成功 --");        return view;    }}

5，编写JSP页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>测试页面</title></head><body>这只是一个测试页面。</body></html>

6，编写Spring测试代码：cn.mylife.junit.SpringJunit4.java

package cn.mylife.junit;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import cn.mylife.entity.User;import cn.mylife.service.user.UserService;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)// 加载spring配置文件@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })public class SpringJunit4 {    @Resource    private UserService userService;    @Test    public void testUser() throws Exception {        User user = new User();        user.setName("中国人名共和国");        userService.save(user);    }}

7，运行测试