iOS网络基础

2019-11-14 19:18:06

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iOS 网络基础

一次HTTP请求的完整过程

　　浏览器/应用发出请求（请求包含HTTP请求（GET,POST）,地址URL,协议（HTTP/1.1）,请求头部，附加信息）

　　--> Web服务端处理（页面：静态html页面、动态php/asp/jsp页面） --> 浏览器/应用

GET/POST区别：

　　都是HTTP请求方式

　　GET:只获取数据，所有参数都在URL网址中，用于简单地获取数据（不安全）

　　POST:获取上传附加数据，请求参数在请求头文件，需传输加密信息

网络请求开源库AFNetWorking的使用

  //  [self testGetRequest];  //1.GET请求(html,json,xml)     //  [self testPostRequest];  //2.POST请求    //    [self testUploadFile];  //3.上传文件    //    [self testDownloadFile];  //4.下载文件       [self testMonitorNetworkStatus];  //5.监控网络状态       //6.图片异步功能(替代SDWebImage)    // UIKit+AFNetworking.h    // - (void)setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url;        //7.有些请求特殊的请求头    // BAIDU_WISE_UID=wapp_1428385381699_466;    //AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];    //[manager.requestSerializer setValue:@"wapp_1428385381699_466" forHTTPHeaderField:@"BAIDU_WISE_UID"];

1.GET请求

#pragma mark - 1.GET请求-(void)testGetRequest{    NSString *urlStr = @"http://www.baidu.com";        //定义AFHTTPRequest管理对象    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];        //注：默认情况下，默认数据格式JSON，content-type:JSON ,responSEObjectd是解析的字典和数组    //不是产生错误Code=-1016    //解决：设置解析器为HTTP形式，下载回来的为NSData    manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];    [manager GET:urlStr parameters:nil success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {                //responseObject 重要参数--> 包含下载的数据        NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];                NSLog(@"str = %@",str);            } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {        NSLog(@"error %@",error);    }];}

2.POST请求

#pragma mark - 2.POST请求-(void)testPostRequest{        //POST接口:http://quiet.local/testdir/login.php    //参数1: @"user" : @"quiet"    //参数2: @"passWord" : @"123"    NSString *urlString = @"http://quiet.local/testdir/login.php";    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];    manager.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];        //参数1: 传入地址    //参数2: 传入URL请求的参数, 格式传入字典//parameters --> 传进一个字典@{}    [manager POST:urlString parameters:@{@"user":@"quiet",@"password":@"123"} success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {                NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];         NSLog(@"str = %@",str);            } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {                NSLog(@"error %@",error);    }];    }

3.图片上传

#pragma mark - 3.图片上传-(void)testUploadFile{    //POST上传接口    NSString *urlStr = @"http://quiet.local/uploadtest/upload.php";    //参数名: image : 参数值是图片    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];        manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];    [manager POST:urlStr parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {        //实现：上传的数据附加到请求体中        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"back2.jpg" ofType:nil];                //mimeType 多用途互联网邮件扩展类型, 每种文件都有一个类型  --> 直接上网搜格式        [formData appendPartWithFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path] name:@"12222" fileName:@"mddse.jpg" mimeType:@"12222/jpeg" error:nil];            } success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {                NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];        NSLog(@"str = %@",str);            } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {                NSLog(@"error = %@",error);    }];    }

4.下载文件

#pragma mark - 4.下载文件-(void)testDownloadFile{    NSString *urlString = @"http://imgcache.QQ.com/club/item/avatar/zip/7/i87/all.zip";        //创建回话管理器对象（默认配置）AFURLsessionManager *manager    AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];        // NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task    NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlString]] progress:nil destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) {        //返回文件保存的位置        NSString *path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/Documents/all.zip",NSHomeDirectory()];        NSLog(@"path = %@",path);        return [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];            } completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) {        //        NSLog(@"下载完成");    }];    //    [task resume];  //启动任务    }

5.监控网络状态

#pragma mark - 5.监控网络状态-(void)testMonitorNetworkStatus{    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [[AFHTTPRequestOperationManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"www.baidu.com"]];    //    [manager.reachabilityManager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {        //AFNetworkReachabilityStatusn几种状态        NSDictionary *dict =@{@(AFNetworkReachabilityStatusUnknown):@"未知",@(AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable):@"不可达",@(AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN):@"GPRS",@(AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi):@"Wifi"};                NSLog(@"状态为 %@",dict[@(status)]);    }];    [manager.reachabilityManager startMonitoring];   //开启状态监视}