Python3中urllib详细使用方法(header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理)

2019-11-14 17:05:31

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urllib是python的一个获取url(Uniform Resource Locators,统一资源定址器)了，我们可以利用它来抓取远程的数据进行保存哦，下面整理了一些关于urllib使用中的一些关于header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理处理方法，下面一起来看看。

python3 抓取网页资源的 N 种方法

1、最简单

1 import urllib.request2 3 response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')4 5 html = response.read()

2、使用 Request

1 import urllib.request2 3 req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')4 5 response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)6 7 the_page = response.read()

3、发送数据

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 import urllib.parse 4  5 import urllib.request 6  7 url = 'http://localhost/login.php' 8  9 user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'10 11 values = {  'act' : 'login',  'login[email]' : 'abc@abc.com',  'login[passWord]' : '123456'  }12 13 data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)14 15 req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)16 17 req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')18 19 response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)20 21 the_page = response.read()22 23 PRint(the_page.decode("utf8"))

4、发送数据和header

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 import urllib.parse 4  5 import urllib.request 6  7 url = 'http://localhost/login.php' 8  9 user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'10 11 values = {  'act' : 'login',  'login[email]' : 'abc@abc.com',  'login[password]' : '123456'  }12 13 headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }14 15 data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)16 17 req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)18 19 response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)20 21 the_page = response.read()22 23 print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

5、http 错误

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 import urllib.request 4  5 req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/') 6  7 try:   8  9 　　urllib.request.urlopen(req)10 11 except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:12 13 　　print(e.code)14 15 print(e.read().decode("utf8"))

6、异常处理1

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen 4  5 from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError 6  7 req = Request('http://www.python.org/') 8  9 try:10 11 　　response = urlopen(req)12 13 except HTTPError as e:14 15 　　print('The (www.python.org)server couldn't fulfill the request.')16 17 　　print('Error code: ', e.code)18 19 except URLError as e:20 21 　　print('We failed to reach a server.')22 23 　　print('Reason: ', e.reason)24 25 else:26 27 　　print("good!")28 29 　　print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

7、异常处理2

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen 4  5 from urllib.error import  URLError 6  7 req = Request("http://www.python.org/") 8  9 try:10 11 　　response = urlopen(req)12 13 except URLError as e:14 15 　　if hasattr(e, 'reason'):16 17 　　　　print('We failed to reach a server.')18 19 　　　　print('Reason: ', e.reason)20 21 　　elif hasattr(e, 'code'):22 23 　　　　print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')24 25 　　　　print('Error code: ', e.code)26 27 else:  print("good!")28 29 　　print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

8、HTTP 认证

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 import urllib.request 4  5 # create a password manager 6  7 password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() 8  9 # Add the username and password.10 11 # If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.12 13 top_level_url = "https://www.python.org/"14 15 password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'rekfan', 'xxxxxx')16 17 handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)18 19 # create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)20 21 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)22 23 # use the opener to fetch a URL24 25 a_url = "https://www.python.org/"26 27 x = opener.open(a_url)28 29 print(x.read())30 31 # Install the opener.32 33 # Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.34 35 urllib.request.install_opener(opener)36 37 a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')38 39 print(a)

9、使用代理

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 import urllib.request 4  5 proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'}) 6  7 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support) 8  9 urllib.request.install_opener(opener)10 11  a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.python.org/").read().decode("utf8")12 13 print(a)

10、超时

 1 #! /usr/bin/env python3 2  3 import socket 4  5 import urllib.request 6  7 # timeout in seconds 8  9 timeout = 210 11 socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)12 13 # this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout14 15 # we have set in the socket module16 17 req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/')18 19 a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()20 21 print(a)