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elmah-ErrorLoggingModulesandHandlersforASP.NET-1:初体验

2019-11-14 16:39:05
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elmah(英文):https://code.google.com/p/elmah/

 

写作思路:先看结果,然后再说原理

 

elmah文章基本内容如下

 

1.安装

2.基本使用

3.详细配置讲解

 

简介

ELMAH是一个开源项目,其目的是记录和报告在asp.net Web应用程序未处理的异常。

 

早在2004年9月与Atif阿齐兹和斯科特·米切尔发表在MSDN Library,其目的是作为一个概念证明,编写自包含的功能与ASP.NET HTTP模块和处理程序是绝对有可能的,大多有这种特征可能是一篇文章插入没有重新编译和小的改动配置文件的现有应用程序。 为了展示这些概念的文章发表了示例项目,其目的是为了拦截,记录和通知ASP.NET应用程序中发生未处理的异常。 它被赋予ELMAH的名称,错误日志记录模块和处理程序。

 

 

1.安装

 

新建一个MVC项目,在nuget的控制台输入命令回车进行安装:Install-Package elmah

 

MVC项目详情如下

 

开发环境

vs 2012

sql server 2012

 

HomeController:

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;namespace Jean.ElmahSample.Controllers{    public class HomeController : Controller    {        //        // GET: /Home/        public ActionResult Index()        {            return View();        }    }}

Index View :

view

 

运行显示效果:

正常效果

 

 

安装后 web.config 文件内容变为如下图-1-1所示(暂时先不要管里面的内容是什么意思,后面再慢慢解答)

图-1-1

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!--  有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息,请访问  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=152368  --><configuration>  <configSections>    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />    <sectionGroup name="elmah">      <section name="security" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.SecuritySectionHandler, Elmah" />      <section name="errorLog" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorLogSectionHandler, Elmah" />      <section name="errorMail" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorMailSectionHandler, Elmah" />      <section name="errorFilter" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterSectionHandler, Elmah" />    </sectionGroup>  </configSections>  <connectionStrings>    <add name="DefaultConnection" PRoviderName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)/v11.0;Initial Catalog=aspnet-Jean.ElmahSample-20140524091142;Integrated Security=SSPI;AttachDBFilename=|DataDirectory|/aspnet-Jean.ElmahSample-20140524091142.mdf" />  </connectionStrings>  <appSettings>    <add key="webpages:Version" value="2.0.0.0" />    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />    <add key="PreserveLoginUrl" value="true" />    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />    <add key="UnobtrusivejavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />  </appSettings>  <system.web>    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />    <authentication mode="Forms">      <forms loginUrl="~/Account/Login" timeout="2880" />    </authentication>    <pages>      <namespaces>        <add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" />        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />        <add namespace="System.Web.Optimization" />        <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />        <add namespace="System.Web.WebPages" />      </namespaces>    </pages>    <profile defaultProvider="DefaultProfileProvider">      <providers>        <add name="DefaultProfileProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultProfileProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" applicationName="/" />      </providers>    </profile>    <membership defaultProvider="DefaultMembershipProvider">      <providers>        <add name="DefaultMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultMembershipProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" enablePassWordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="false" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="6" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0" passwordAttemptWindow="10" applicationName="/" />      </providers>    </membership>    <roleManager defaultProvider="DefaultRoleProvider">      <providers>        <add name="DefaultRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultRoleProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" applicationName="/" />      </providers>    </roleManager>    <!--            If you are deploying to a cloud environment that has multiple web server instances,            you should change session state mode from "InProc" to "Custom". In addition,            change the connection string named "DefaultConnection" to connect to an instance            of SQL Server (including SQL Azure and SQL  Compact) instead of to SQL Server Express.      -->    <sessionState mode="InProc" customProvider="DefaultSessionProvider">      <providers>        <add name="DefaultSessionProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultSessionStateProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" />      </providers>    </sessionState>    <httpModules>      <add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" />      <add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" />      <add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" />    </httpModules>  </system.web>  <system.webServer>    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />    <handlers>      <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" />      <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" />      <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />      <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" responseBufferLimit="0" />      <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%/Microsoft.NET/Framework64/v4.0.30319/aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" responseBufferLimit="0" />      <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />    </handlers>    <modules>      <add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />      <add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />      <add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />    </modules>  </system.webServer>  <runtime>    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">      <dependentAssembly>        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly>        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly>        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly>        <assemblyIdentity name="EntityFramework" publicKeyToken="b77a5c561934e089" />        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.0.0.0" newVersion="5.0.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>      <dependentAssembly>        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.3.0.0" newVersion="1.3.0.0" />      </dependentAssembly>    </assemblyBinding>  </runtime>  <entityFramework>    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">      <parameters>        <parameter value="v11.0" />      </parameters>    </defaultConnectionFactory>  </entityFramework>  <elmah>    <!--        See http://code.google.com/p/elmah/wiki/SecuringErrorLogPages for         more information on remote access and securing ELMAH.    -->    <security allowRemoteAccess="false" />  </elmah>  <location path="elmah.axd" inheritInChildApplications="false">    <system.web>      <httpHandlers>        <add verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" />      </httpHandlers>      <!--         See http://code.google.com/p/elmah/wiki/SecuringErrorLogPages for         more information on using ASP.NET authorization securing ELMAH.      <authorization>        <allow roles="admin" />        <deny users="*" />        </authorization>      -->    </system.web>    <system.webServer>      <handlers>        <add name="ELMAH" verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" preCondition="integratedMode" />      </handlers>    </system.webServer>  </location></configuration>

 

 

2.基本使用

 

错误数据源(错误存储的地方)

 

2.1 存储在内存中

 

输入地址 http://localhost:5547/home/about

看下图结果

图2-1

2-1

 

输入地址 http://localhost:5547/elmah.axd  (elmah.axd不是一个真实存在的文件,也不需要我们自己去新建)

 

看下图结果

图2-2

 

2-2

 

点击并试一试

rss FEED

DOWNLOAD LOG

 

点击图2-2中Details 查看详情如下

2-3

 

 

默认情况下,错误存储在内存中,错误数量上限为15

 

修改web.config中elmah节点,并设置错误数量上限为5

(当第6个错误出现时,前面5个存在的错误有一个会被最新的错误记录替换)

<elmah>        <!--Storing errors in memory-->    <errorLog type="Elmah.MemoryErrorLog, Elmah" size="5" /></elmah>

 

 

 

2.2 存储在xml中

 

修改web.config中elmah节点,如下图

 

<elmah>    <!--Storing errors in XML files-->    <errorLog type="Elmah.XmlFileErrorLog, Elmah" logdata-path="~/App_Data" /></elmah>

 

 

输入地址 http://localhost:5547/home/adjkf

看下图结果

2-2-1

 

2-2-2

 

 

2.3 存储在sql server中

 

2.3.1 修改web.config文件,关键信息如下

 

<elmah>    <!--Storing errors in SQL Server-->    <errorLog type="Elmah.SqlErrorLog, Elmah" connectionStringName="Elmah.Sql" /></elmah><connectionStrings>    <!--Northwind为我测试的数据库名称-->    <add name="Elmah.Sql" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=Northwind;Trusted_Connection=True" /> </connectionStrings>

 

2.3.2 在数据库里执行一下下面sql脚本(我测试的数据库是Northwind)

执行后会创建一张表ELMAH_Error和3个存储过程

/*     ELMAH - Error Logging Modules and Handlers for ASP.NET   Copyright (c) 2004-9 Atif Aziz. All rights reserved.      Author(s):          Atif Aziz, http://www.raboof.com        Phil Haacked, http://haacked.com     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.   You may obtain a copy of the License at        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and   limitations under the License.  */-- ELMAH DDL script for Microsoft SQL Server 2000 or later.-- $Id: SQLServer.sql 677 2009-09-29 18:02:39Z azizatif $DECLARE @DBCompatibilityLevel INTDECLARE @DBCompatibilityLevelMajor INTDECLARE @DBCompatibilityLevelMinor INTSELECT  @DBCompatibilityLevel = cmptlevelFROM    master.dbo.sysdatabasesWHERE   name = DB_NAME()IF @DBCompatibilityLevel <> 80     BEGIN        SELECT  @DBCompatibilityLevelMajor = @DBCompatibilityLevel / 10 ,                @DBCompatibilityLevelMinor = @DBCompatibilityLevel % 10                   PRINT N'    ===========================================================================    WARNING!     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------        This script is designed for Microsoft SQL Server 2000 (8.0) but your     database is set up for compatibility with version '            + CAST(@DBCompatibilityLevelMajor AS NVARCHAR(80)) + N'.'            + CAST(@DBCompatibilityLevelMinor AS NVARCHAR(80)) + N'. Although     the script should work with later versions of Microsoft SQL Server,     you can ensure compatibility by executing the following statement:        ALTER DATABASE [' + DB_NAME()            + N']     SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 80    If you are hosting ELMAH in the same database as your application     database and do not wish to change the compatibility option then you     should create a separate database to host ELMAH where you can set the     compatibility level more freely.        If you continue with the current setup, please report any compatibility     issues you encounter over at:        http://code.google.com/p/elmah/issues/list    ==========================================================================='    ENDGO/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------         TABLES   ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ELMAH_Error]    (      [ErrorId] UNIQUEIDENTIFIER NOT NULL ,      [Application] NVARCHAR(60) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS                                 NOT NULL ,      [Host] NVARCHAR(50) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS                          NOT NULL ,      [Type] NVARCHAR(100) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS                           NOT NULL ,      [Source] NVARCHAR(60) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS                            NOT NULL ,      [Message] NVARCHAR(500) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS                              NOT NULL ,      [User] NVARCHAR(50) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS                          NOT NULL ,      [StatusCode] INT NOT NULL ,      [TimeUtc] DATETIME NOT NULL ,      [Sequence] INT IDENTITY(1, 1)                     NOT NULL ,      [AllXml] NTEXT COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS                     NOT NULL    )ON  [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]GOALTER TABLE [dbo].[ELMAH_Error] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_ELMAH_Error] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ([ErrorId]) ON [PRIMARY] GOALTER TABLE [dbo].[ELMAH_Error] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_ELMAH_Error_ErrorId] DEFAULT (NEWID()) FOR [ErrorId]GOCREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_ELMAH_Error_App_Time_Seq] ON [dbo].[ELMAH_Error] ([Application]   ASC,[TimeUtc]       DESC,[Sequence]      DESC) ON [PRIMARY]GO/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------         STORED PROCEDURES                                                         ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GOSET ANSI_NULLS ON GOCREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ELMAH_GetErrorXml]    (      @Application NVARCHAR(60) ,      @ErrorId UNIQUEIDENTIFIER    )AS     SET NOCOUNT ON    SELECT  [AllXml]    FROM    [ELMAH_Error]    WHERE   [ErrorId] = @ErrorId            AND [Application] = @ApplicationGOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF GOSET ANSI_NULLS ON GOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GOSET ANSI_NULLS ON GOCREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ELMAH_GetErrorsXml]    (      @Application NVARCHAR(60) ,      @PageIndex INT = 0 ,      @PageSize INT = 15 ,      @TotalCount INT OUTPUT    )AS     SET NOCOUNT ON    DECLARE @FirstTimeUTC DATETIME    DECLARE @FirstSequence INT    DECLARE @StartRow INT    DECLARE @StartRowIndex INT    SELECT  @TotalCount = COUNT(1)    FROM    [ELMAH_Error]    WHERE   [Application] = @Application    -- Get the ID of the first error for the requested page    SET @StartRowIndex = @PageIndex * @PageSize + 1    IF @StartRowIndex <= @TotalCount         BEGIN            SET ROWCOUNT @StartRowIndex            SELECT  @FirstTimeUTC = [TimeUtc] ,                    @FirstSequence = [Sequence]            FROM    [ELMAH_Error]            WHERE   [Application] = @Application            ORDER BY [TimeUtc] DESC ,                    [Sequence] DESC        END    ELSE         BEGIN            SET @PageSize = 0        END    -- Now set the row count to the requested page size and get    -- all records below it for the pertaining application.    SET ROWCOUNT @PageSize    SELECT  errorId = [ErrorId] ,            application = [Application] ,            host = [Host] ,            type = [Type] ,            source = [Source] ,            message = [Message] ,            [user] = [User] ,            statusCode = [StatusCode] ,            time = CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), [TimeUtc], 126) + 'Z'    FROM    [ELMAH_Error] error    WHERE   [Application] = @Application            AND [TimeUtc] <= @FirstTimeUTC            AND [Sequence] <= @FirstSequence    ORDER BY [TimeUtc] DESC ,            [Sequence] DESC    FOR     XML AUTOGOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF GOSET ANSI_NULLS ON GOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GOSET ANSI_NULLS ON GOCREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ELMAH_LogError]    (      @ErrorId UNIQUEIDENTIFIER ,      @Application NVARCHAR(60) ,      @Host NVARCHAR(30) ,      @Type NVARCHAR(100) ,      @Source NVARCHAR(60) ,      @Message NVARCHAR(500) ,      @User NVARCHAR(50) ,      @AllXml NTEXT ,      @StatusCode INT ,      @TimeUtc DATETIME    )AS     SET NOCOUNT ON    INSERT  INTO [ELMAH_Error]            ( [ErrorId] ,              [Application] ,              [Host] ,              [Type] ,              [Source] ,              [Message] ,              [User] ,              [AllXml] ,              [StatusCode] ,              [TimeUtc]            )    VALUES  ( @ErrorId ,              @Application ,              @Host ,              @Type ,              @Source ,              @Message ,              @User ,              @AllXml ,              @StatusCode ,              @TimeUtc            )GOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF GOSET ANSI_NULLS ON GO

 

 

2-3-1

 

 

浏览器输入地址http://localhost:5547/abc123ds

在数据库输入脚本并查看结果如下

2-3-2

 

2-3-3

 

SQLite与Oracle的配置与sql server类似,就不重复了,

相关脚本下载地址:https://code.google.com/p/elmah/downloads/list

 

 

2.4 手动记录错误

 

方法:

ErrorSignal.FromCurrentContext().Raise()

 

现在我们创造2个错误并记录

 

修改HomeController如下

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using Elmah;namespace Jean.ElmahSample.Controllers{    public class HomeController : Controller    {        //        // GET: /Home/        public ActionResult Index()        {            try            {                var t = int.Parse("abc");            }            catch (Exception e)            {                ErrorSignal.FromCurrentContext().Raise(e); // error 1                ErrorSignal.FromCurrentContext().Raise(new ArgumentNullException()); // error 2            }            return View();        }    }}

 

重新生成

浏览器输入 http://localhost:5547

新开窗口输入 http://localhost:5547/elmah.axd

结果如下

2-3-4


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