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java温故而知新(6)深入理解IOStream

2019-11-14 15:32:01
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一、什么是IO Stream

Stream 是在编程语言中对输入输出的总称 (一种比喻的称谓。Stream 为流水,输入输出实际上就是指数据的流动,数据由一个地方运动的另一个地方,就像流水一样,程序员将输入输出比作流水,再恰当不过了)。
 流按照其所载内容分类,大致可分为字节流和字符流两大类。
1、字节流 Byte Stream
在计算机中,byte是相当于机器语言中的单词,他在java中统一由InputStreamOutputStream作处理。
 
2、字符流(Character Stream
而在编码体系中,一般采用Char2 bytes他在Java中统一由ReaderWriter作处理。
 
InputStream, OutputStream, ReaderWriter, 作为在java.io.*包的顶级父类,定义了IO PRocess中最抽象的处理和规范。对于实际的应用,他们并不适用。于是根据各种实际的需要,由他们派生出来形式各样各具特色的子类。
 

二、IO Stream分类

 

1 Node Stream :基本流,可以从名称中看出他是从哪个地方输入输出的。
1.1 用于文件输入输出流: FileInputStream, FileOutputStream
1.2 用于内存数组的输入输出流:ByteArrayInputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream
1.3 用于字符串的输入输出流:StringArrayInputStream, StringArrayOutputStream
1.4 用于管道的输入输出流:PipedInputStream, PipeOutStream (用于线程间的交互)
….

 

2 Processing Stream: 处理流,是对Node Stream的加强和补充,可以看作是高级流。 要构造一个高级流通常要以一个基础流为基础(如通过构造函数的参数传入)
2.1 用于提高输入输出效率的缓冲流:BufferedInputStream, BufferedOutputStream
2.2 用于数据转化的数据流: DataInputStream (用于读取JavaPrimitive Data Type) , DataOutputStream
2.3 8位转化为16位的流: InputStreamReader, OutputWriter (用于沟通byte Char )
2.4 打印流: PintStream
….

三、IO 编程的一般流程

1. 创建基本流
2. 升级基本流到高级流
3. 使用在高级流中的方法作读写操作
4. 关闭流并释放资源
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Creat node stream;2. Upgrade node stream to processing stream if necessary3. Use the methods in the stream object to read or write4. Close the stream and release the resource------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Create InputStream/Reader2. Upgrade to Buffered3. Use readLine()   While((str=in.readln())!=null)4. close()------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Create OutputStream/Writer2. Upgrade to PrintWriter3. Use println()4. close()

 

四、经典IO实例

import java.io.*;/*1. Creat node stream;2. Upgrade node stream to processing stream if necessary3. Use the methods in the stream object to read or write4. Close the stream and release the resource--------------------------------------------------------1. Create InputStream/Reader2. Upgrade to Buffered3. Use readLine()   While((str=in.readln())!=null)4. close()--------------------------------------------------------1. Create OutputStream/Writer2. Upgrade to PrintWriter3. Use println()4. close()*/public class IOProcessSample{ public static void main(String[] args) {  //Create a file based on the first command-line argument to the program  File file= new File(args[0]);  //Create buffered reader from the standard input  BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));      System.out.println("Press ctr-d or ctr-z to end");  String str;  try{   //Create a print write to write on a file   //PrintWriter is required to handled the IO exception   PrintWriter out= new PrintWriter(file);   //Read from the standard input and write to the file   while((str=in.readLine())!=null){    out.println(str);   }   //close the stream and release the resource   in.close();   out.close();  }  catch(FileNotFoundException e){   System.err.println("File not found in part 1 : "+file);  }  catch (IOException e){   e.printStackTrace();  }  finally{   System.out.println("-----------Part1 is ended-----------------------");  }  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  try{   //Create a buffer reader from a file   in=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));   //Read the file and print the content on the screen.   while((str=in.readLine())!=null){    System.out.println(str);   }   //close the stream and release the resource   in.close();  }  catch (FileNotFoundException e){   System.err.println("File not found in part 2: "+file);  }  catch (IOException e){   e.printStackTrace();  }  finally{   System.out.println("----------------------The End -------------------------");  } }}

 

 


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