##【0】README
0.1)本文描述+源代码均 转自 core java volume 1, 旨在理清值调用+引用调用;
##【1】参数传递给方法的专业术语:
1.1)值调用:它表示方法接收的是调用者提供的值;
1.2)引用调用:它表示方法接收的是调用者提供的变量地址;
##【2】看个荔枝:
2.1)设一个方法视图将一个参数值增大3倍:
public static void tripleValue(double x){ x = 3 * x;}
2.2)然后调用这个方法:
double percent = 10; tripleValue(percent);
2.3)无论如何,调用这个方法后,percent的值还是10,下面看一下具体执行过程:
3.1)可以看到, 一个方法不可能修改一个基本数据类型的参数;
3.2)对象引用作为参数就不同了,可以很容易地利用下面的方法实现将一个雇员的薪水提高两倍:
package com.corejava;public class EmployeeTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee e = new Employee(10); Employee.tripleSalary(e); System.out.PRintln("salary = " + e.getSalary()); }}class Employee{ private double salary; public Employee(double salary) { this.salary = salary; } public static void tripleSalary(Employee e) { e.raiseSalary(200); } public void raiseSalary(double x) { this.salary = this.salary * x / 100; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } }打印结果为: salary=20.0
3.3)上述程序的具体调用过程为:
public class EmployeeTestOne { public static void main(String[] args) { EmployeeOne a = new EmployeeOne("Alice"); EmployeeOne b = new EmployeeOne("Bob"); System.out.println("before:" + a.getName() + b.getName()); EmployeeOne.swap(a,b); System.out.println("after:" + a.getName() + b.getName()); }}class EmployeeOne{ private String name;
public EmployeeOne(String name){ this.name = name;}public static void swap(EmployeeOne x, EmployeeOne y){ EmployeeOne temp = x; x = y; y = temp;}public String getName() { return name;}
}打印结果为:before:AliceBobafter:AliceBob
<font size=4> **4.1)**显然, 方法并没有改变存储在变量 a 和 b 中的 对象引用;swap 方法的参数x 和 y 被初始化为两个对象引用的copy, 这个方法交换的是 两个拷贝;在方法结束时参数变量x 和 y 被丢弃了, 原来的变量 a 和 b仍然引用这个方法调用之前所引用的对象;![这里写图片描述](http://img.blog.csdn.net/20151026094748165)<font size=4>**4.2)这个过程说明:** java程序设计语言对对象采用的不是引用调用, 实际上,对象引用进行的是 值传递;##**【5】下面总结下 java 中方法参数的使用情况:*** <font size=3>**5.1)**一个方法不能修改一个基本数据类型的参数(数值型和布尔型);* <font size=3>**5.2)**一个方法可以改变一个对象参数的状态;* <font size=3>**5.3)**一个方法不能让对象参数引用一个新的对象;<hr/>##**【6】最后一个综合性荔枝:**```java/** * This program demonstrates parameter passing in Java. * @version 1.00 2000-01-27 * @author Cay Horstmann */public class ParamTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { /* * Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters */ System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:"); double percent = 10; System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent); tripleValue(percent); System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent); /* * Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters */ System.out.println("/nTesting tripleSalary:"); Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000); System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary()); tripleSalary(harry); System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary()); /* * Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters */ System.out.println("/nTesting swap:"); Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000); Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000); System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName()); System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName()); swap(a, b); System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName()); System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName()); } public static void tripleValue(double x) // doesn't work { x = 3 * x; System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x); } public static void tripleSalary(Employee x) // works { x.raiseSalary(200); System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary()); } public static void swap(Employee x, Employee y) { Employee temp = x; x = y; y = temp; System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName()); System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName()); }}class Employee // simplified Employee class{ private String name; private double salary; public Employee(String n, double s) { name = n; salary = s; } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; }}
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