原题连接: http://www.lintcode.com/en/PRoblem/lru-cache/
Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following Operations: get
and set
.
get(key)
- Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.set(key, value)
- Set or insert the value if the key is not already present. When the cache reached its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before inserting a new item.
题目要求设计和实现一个给LRU Cache用的数据结构,要求包含两个操作, get 和 set。首先题目有一点没有讲清楚,那就是当要插入的(key,value)已经存在时的行为。题目只是说当key不存在时插入,而当要插入的key已经存在时的行为如何,题目并没有说明,是覆盖旧的value还是直接返回。我是通过提交代码,发现当要插入的key已经存在时,用新的value覆盖旧的value。网络上有很多关于用一个hash table 和一个list实现的代码,我就不再累述。下面讲述我用两个hash table的实现。一个叫cache的用于保存数据的<key,value>,另一个叫stamp用于保存<key,timeStamp>。get操作很简单,直接在cache里面查找并返回相应的结果,同时要更新stamp里的时间戳。set操作先检查要插入的key是否已经存在。如果存在,更新value和time stamp并返回。如果不存在,并且cache的数据个数小于capacity,直接执行插入操作。如果capacity已经满了,就从stamp里查找时间戳最小的key,此时需要O(capacity)的时间复杂度。然后把对应的数据删除并插入当前的<key,value>。 C++实现如下:
class LRUCache{public: // @param capacity, an integer int currTime; int cap; unordered_map<int, int> cache; unordered_map<int, int> stamp; LRUCache(int capacity) { // write your code here currTime = 0; cap = capacity; cache.reserve(capacity); stamp.reserve(capacity); } // @return an integer int get(int key) { // write your code here if (cache.count(key)) { ++currTime; stamp[key] = currTime; return cache[key]; } return -1; } // @param key, an integer // @param value, an integer // @return nothing void set(int key, int value) { // write your code here ++currTime; if (cache.count(key)) { cache[key] = value; stamp[key] = currTime; return; } if (cache.size() < cap) { cache[key] = value; stamp[key] = currTime; return; } int minTime = INT_MAX; unordered_map<int, int>::iterator leIt, it = stamp.begin(); while (it != stamp.end()) { if (it->second < minTime) { minTime = it->second; leIt = it; } ++it; } unordered_map<int, int>::iterator cacheIt = cache.find(leIt->first); cache.erase(cacheIt); cache[key] = value; stamp.erase(leIt); stamp[key] = currTime; }};
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