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jdbc一般步骤

2019-11-14 11:01:13
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java 原生JDBC操作数据库,是比较常见的面试题,所以一定要牢牢掌握住。

记住一般步骤,就好写代码了。

1、Class.forName()加载数据库连接驱动。

2、DriverManager.getConnection()获取数据连接对象。

3、根据SQL语句获取会话对象,会话对象一般用PReparedStatement类型,conn.prepareStatement(),注意方法名和类名不一样哟。

4、执行SQL处理结果集,执行SQL前如果有参数值就设置参数值setXXX()。

5、关闭结果集、关闭会话、关闭连接。

[java] view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片package com.lcx.test;    import java.sql.Connection;  import java.sql.DriverManager;  import java.sql.PreparedStatement;  import java.sql.ResultSet;  import java.sql.SQLException;  import java.sql.Savepoint;  import java.util.Properties;    public class Test {      public static void main(String[] args) {          String url1="jdbc:MySQL://localhost:3306/JAVA?user=root&passWord=root&useUnicode=true&charactorEncoding=UTF8";          String url2="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/JAVA?useUnicode=true&charactorEncoding=UTF8";          String url3="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/JAVA";          String user="root";          String password="root";          Connection conn3 = null;          Savepoint point1 = null;                    try {              //1、加载数据库驱动,包名一般为域名反写              Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");              Properties info = new Properties();              info.put("user", "root");              info.put("password", "root");              info.put("useUnicode","true");              info.put("charactorEncoding","utf8");              /*              * 2、获取数据连接对象,DriverManager.getConnection方法有3个重载方法              */  //          Connection conn1 = DriverManager.getConnection(url3, user, password);//将连接的用户名、密码放到方法参数中  //          Connection conn2 = DriverManager.getConnection(url2,info);//将连接的属性键值对放在Properties对象中              conn3 = DriverManager.getConnection(url1);//将所有连接信息都放在URL中              /*              * 3、根据SQL获取sql会话对象,有2种方式 Statement、PreparedStatement              *      1、 PreparedStatement接口继承Statement, PreparedStatement 实例包含已编译的 SQL 语句,所以其执行速度要快于 Statement 对象。              *      2、作为 Statement 的子类,PreparedStatement 继承了 Statement 的所有功能。三种方法  execute、 executeQuery 和 executeUpdate 已被更改以使之不再需要参数              *      3、在JDBC应用中,如果你已经是稍有水平开发者,你就应该始终以PreparedStatement代替 Statement.也就是说,在任何时候都不要使用Statement.              *          一.代码的可读性和可维护性.Statement需要不断地拼接,而PreparedStatement不会。              *          二.PreparedStatement尽最大可能提高性能.DB有缓存机制,相同的预编译语句再次被调用不会再次需要编译。              *          三.最重要的一点是极大地提高了安全性.Statement容易被SQL注入,而PreparedStatementc传入的内容不会和sql语句发生任何匹配关系。              * 最常用的api              * addBatch()/addBatch(String sql) 预编译SQL语句,只编译一回哦,效率高啊。剥瓜子,一个一个剥,最后一口吃。              * setXXX(parameterIndex,value) 设置指定参数的值。              * execute()  执行 SQL 语句,该语句可以是任何种类的 SQL 语句。              * executeQuery() 执行查询语句返回ResultSet              * executeUpdate() 执行增删改,返回影响的行数。              *               */              String sql_other = "TRUNCATE TABLE t_user_info";              String sql_insert = "insert into t_user_info(id,user,sex,age) value(null,?,?,?)";              String sql_query = "select * from t_user_info where id < ?";              conn3.setAutoCommit(false);//关闭自动提交              PreparedStatement preparedStatement_other = conn3.prepareStatement(sql_other);              PreparedStatement preparedStatement_insert = conn3.prepareStatement(sql_insert);              PreparedStatement preparedStatement_query = conn3.prepareStatement(sql_query);              preparedStatement_other.execute();                                          for(int i=0;i<100;i++){                  preparedStatement_insert.setString(1, "user_"+i);                  preparedStatement_insert.setString(2, "n");                  preparedStatement_insert.setInt(3, i);                  if(i>50){  //                  preparedStatement_insert.setString(3, "我是错误的尝试");                  }                  preparedStatement_insert.addBatch();              }              //一次性插入100条记录,如果中间有出错,那么这一次性的插入都不会成功              int[] updateInt = preparedStatement_insert.executeBatch();              conn3.commit();              point1 = conn3.setSavepoint("point1");              System.out.println(updateInt.length);                            preparedStatement_query.setInt(1, 50);              //4、执行SQL语句,查询语句就获取结果集              ResultSet result = preparedStatement_query.executeQuery();              while(result.next()){                  int a = result.getInt("id");                  int b = result.getInt(1);                  System.out.println("第一列值,通过列名:"+a+",通过下标:"+b);                                }              /*              * 5、关闭结果集、关闭会话、关闭连接              */              result.close();              preparedStatement_other.close();              preparedStatement_insert.close();              preparedStatement_query.close();              conn3.close();                        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {              System.out.println("驱动没有加载到。。。");              e.printStackTrace();          } catch (SQLException e) {              System.out.println("出现sql异常。。。");              try {                  conn3.rollback(point1);;              } catch (SQLException e1) {                                    e1.printStackTrace();              }              e.printStackTrace();          }      }  }  JDBC%20进一步封装

我们将获取连接和释放连接封装到工具类中,执行SQL的感觉没有必要封装,这样更灵活。

[java] view%20plain copy package com.lcx.test;    import java.sql.Connection;  import java.sql.DriverManager;  import java.sql.ResultSet;  import java.sql.SQLException;  import java.sql.Statement;    public class JDBCUtil {      /**      * jdbc:mysql://主机名称:连接端口/数据库的名称?参数=值      * String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/JAVA?user=root&password=root&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8";      * 也可在获取连接的时候使用用户名和密码      * 避免中文乱码要指定useUnicode和characterEncoding, 执行数据库操作之前要在数据库管理系统上创建一个数据库,名字自己定,      */      private static final String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/JAVA";      private static final String user="root";      private static final String password="root";      private static Connection conn;      //静态代码块,类加载时就加载驱动      static {          //1、加载驱动          try {              Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");          } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {              System.out.println("Exception: com.mysql.jdbc.driver not found Exception");              e.printStackTrace();          }      }      private JDBCUtil(){                }      //2获取连接的方法,只产生一个连接      public static Connection getConnection(){          try {              if(conn==null){                  synchronized (JDBCUtil.class) {                      if(conn==null){                          conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);                      }                  }              }          } catch (SQLException e) {              System.out.println("Exception: get mysql connection Exception");              e.printStackTrace();          }          return conn;      }      //最后释放资源,中间操作由preparedStatement 去操作更灵活      public static void free(ResultSet result,Statement statement,Connection connection){          try {              if(result!=null){//关闭结果集                  result.close();              }          } catch (SQLException e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }finally{              try {                  if(statement!=null){//关闭statement会话                      statement.close();                  }              } catch (SQLException e) {                  e.printStackTrace();              }finally{                  try {                      if(connection!=null){                          connection.close();//关闭连接                      }                  } catch (SQLException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }                        }                }  }  使用工具类操作数据处理

[java] view%20plain copy 派生到我的代码片package com.lcx.test;    import java.sql.Connection;  import java.sql.PreparedStatement;  import java.sql.ResultSet;  import java.sql.SQLException;    public class JDBCTest {        public static void main(String[] args) {          //1、加载驱动、获取连接          Connection connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();          String sql_init ="TRUNCATE TABLE t_user_info";          String sql_insert = "insert into t_user_info(id,user,sex,age) value(null,?,?,?)";          String sql_query = "select * from t_user_info where id < ?";          PreparedStatement ps_init;          PreparedStatement ps_insert;          PreparedStatement ps_query;          try {              connection.setAutoCommit(false);              //2、根据sql语句获取 获取预编译语句对象              ps_init = connection.prepareStatement(sql_init);              ps_insert = connection.prepareStatement(sql_insert);              ps_query = connection.prepareStatement(sql_query);                            ps_init.execute();//可以执行任何种类的SQL语句              //3、有参数值,就设置参数值,然后执行预编译语句,获取结果集              for(int i=0;i<100;i++){                  ps_insert.setString(1, "user_"+i);                  ps_insert.setString(2, "n");                  ps_insert.setInt(3, i);                  ps_insert.addBatch();//增加的批处理队列中              }              ps_insert.executeBatch();//一次性执行                            ps_query.setInt(1, 50);              //查询记录,获取结果集              ResultSet result = ps_query.executeQuery();              while(result.next()){                  int a = result.getInt("id");                  int b = result.getInt(1);                  System.out.println("第一列通过列明:"+a+",第一列通过index:"+b);              }              connection.commit();              //5、释放资源              JDBCUtil.free(result, ps_query, connection);              JDBCUtil.free(result, ps_init, connection);              JDBCUtil.free(result, ps_insert, connection);          } catch (SQLException e) {              try {                  connection.rollback();              } catch (SQLException e1) {                  e1.printStackTrace();              }              e.printStackTrace();          }                }    }  
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