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史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

2019-11-14 10:04:21
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这篇文章主要介绍了史上最全最强SPRingMVC详细示例实战教程(图文),需要的朋友可以参考下

一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序

  1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

  2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

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123456789101112131415<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--><servlet>  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  <init-param>     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>     <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>   </init-param>   <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --></servlet> <servlet-mapping>  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

  3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

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123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">              <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->  <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC"/>    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->  <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->  <mvc:annotation-driven/>      <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->  <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"       id="internalResourceViewResolver">    <!-- 前缀 -->    <propertyname="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>    <!-- 后缀 -->    <propertyname="suffix"value=".jsp"/>  </bean></beans>

  4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。

  5.建立包及Controller,如下所示

  6.编写Controller代码

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123456789@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController {     @RequestMapping("/hello")  publicString hello(){        return"hello";  }}

  7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

 二、配置解析

  1.Dispatcherservlet

  DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。

  2.InternalResourceViewResolver

  视图名称解析器

  3.以上出现的注解

  @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

 三、SpringMVC常用注解

  @Controller

  负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping

  注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

  @RequestBody

  该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

  @ResponseBody

  该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区

  @ModelAttribute    

  在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

  在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

  @RequestParam 

  在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

  @PathVariable

  绑定 URL 占位符到入参

  @ExceptionHandler

  注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法

  @ControllerAdvice

  使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

 四、自动匹配参数

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123456//match automatically@RequestMapping("/person")public String toPerson(String name,double age){   System.out.println(name+" "+age);  return"hello";}

 五、自动装箱

  1.编写一个Person实体类

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12345678910111213141516171819package test.SpringMVC.model;   public class Person {   publicString getName() {    returnname;  }  publicvoidsetName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  publicintgetAge() {     returnage;  }  publicvoidsetAge(intage) {    this.age = age;  }  privateString name;  privateintage;     }

  2.在Controller里编写方法

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123456//boxing automatically@RequestMapping("/person1")public String toPerson(Person p){   System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());  return"hello";}

 六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

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12345678910111213//the parameter was converted in initBinder@RequestMapping("/date")public String date(Date date){   System.out.println(date);  return"hello";}    //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"@InitBinderpublic void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){  binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,newCustomDateEditor(newSimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),      true));}

 七、向前台传递参数

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123456789//pass the parameters to front-end@RequestMapping("/show")public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){   Person p =newPerson();  map.put("p", p);  p.setAge(20);  p.setName("jayjay");  return"show";}

  前台可在Request域中取到"p"

 八、使用Ajax调用

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123456789//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){   pw.write("hello,"+name);    } @RequestMapping("/name")public String sayHello(){   return"name";}

  前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

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1234567$(function(){  $("#btn").click(function(){   $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){      alert(data);    });  });});

 九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

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12345//redirect  @RequestMapping("/redirect")public String redirect(){   return"redirect:hello";}

 十、文件上传

  1.需要导入两个jar包

  2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

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1234<!-- upload settings --><beanid="multipartResolver"class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">  <propertyname="maxUploadSize"value="102400000"></property></bean>

  3.方法代码

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1234567891011121314@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throwsException{  MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;  MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");  String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();  SimpleDateFormat sdf =newSimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");      FileOutputStream fos =newFileOutputStream(req.getsession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+      "upload/"+sdf.format(newDate())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));  fos.write(file.getBytes());  fos.flush();  fos.close();      return"hello";}

  4.前台form表单

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1234<formaction="mvc/upload"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">  <inputtype="file"name="file"><br>  <inputtype="submit"value="submit"></form>

 十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

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12345678910@Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 {   @RequestMapping(value="/param")  publicString testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,      @RequestParam(value="name")String name){    System.out.println(id+" "+name);    return"/hello";  }  }

 十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

  1.RestController

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12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728@Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController {   @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)  publicString get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("get"+id);    return"/hello";  }      @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)  publicString post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("post"+id);    return"/hello";  }      @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)  publicString put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("put"+id);    return"/hello";  }      @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)  publicString delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("delete"+id);    return"/hello";  }    }

  2.form表单发送put和delete请求

  在web.xml中配置

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123456789<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --><filter>  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping>  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>

  在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

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1234567891011121314151617<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">  <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="PUT">  <inputtype="submit"value="put"></form>  <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">  <inputtype="submit"value="post"></form>  <formaction="rest/user/1"method="get">  <inputtype="submit"value="get"></form>  <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">  <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="DELETE">  <inputtype="submit"value="delete"></form>

 十三、返回json格式的字符串

  1.导入以下jar包

  2.方法代码

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1234567891011121314@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController {       @ResponseBody  @RequestMapping("/user")  publicUser get(){    User u =newUser();     u.setId(1);    u.setName("jayjay");    u.setBirth(newDate());    returnu;  }}

 十四、异常的处理

  1.处理局部异常(Controller内)

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12345678910111213@ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){   ModelAndView mv =newModelAndView("error");  mv.addObject("exception", ex);  System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");  returnmv;}    @RequestMapping("/error")public String error(){   inti =5/0;  return"hello";}

  2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)

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12345678910@ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice {   @ExceptionHandler  publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){    ModelAndView mv =newModelAndView("error");    mv.addObject("exception", ex);    System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");    returnmv;  }}

  3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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12345678<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --><beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">  <propertyname="exceptionMappings">    <props>      <propkey="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>    </props>  </property></bean>

  error是出错页面

 十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

  1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

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1234567891011121314151617181920212223public class MyInterceptor implementsHandlerInterceptor {    @Override  publicvoidafterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,      HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)      throwsException {    System.out.println("afterCompletion");  }    @Override  publicvoidpostHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,      Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)throwsException {    System.out.println("postHandle");  }    @Override  publicbooleanpreHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,      Object arg2)throwsException {    System.out.println("preHandle");    returntrue;  }  }

  2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

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1234567<!-- interceptor setting --><mvc:interceptors>  <mvc:interceptor>    <mvc:mappingpath="/mvc/**"/>    <beanclass="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>gt;  </mvc:interceptor>    </mvc:interceptors>

  3.拦截器执行顺序

 十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化

  1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

  2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

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12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031public class User {   publicintgetId() {     returnid;  }  publicvoidsetId(intid) {    this.id = id;  }  publicString getName() {    returnname;  }  publicvoidsetName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  publicDate getBirth() {    returnbirth;  }  publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) {    this.birth = birth;  }  @Override  publicString toString() {    return"User [id="+ id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]";  }    privateintid;   @NotEmpty  privateString name;    @Past  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")  privateDate birth;}

  ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

  3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

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123456<form:formaction="form/add"method="post"modelAttribute="user">  id:<form:inputpath="id"/><form:errorspath="id"/><br>  name:<form:inputpath="name"/><form:errorspath="name"/><br>  birth:<form:inputpath="birth"/><form:errorspath="birth"/>  <inputtype="submit"value="submit"></form:form>

  ps:path对应name

  4.Controller中代码

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1234567891011121314151617@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController {   @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)    publicString add(@ValidUser u,BindingResult br){    if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            return"addUser";    }    return"showUser";  }      @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)  publicString add(Map<String,Object> map){    map.put("user",newUser());    return"addUser";  }}

  ps:

  1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

  2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

  3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

  5.错误信息自定义

  在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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1234<!-- configure the locale resource --><beanid="messageSource"class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">  <propertyname="basename"value="locale"></property></bean>

  6.国际化显示

  在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号passWord=密码

  locale.properties中添加

username=user namepassword=password

  创建一个locale.jsp

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1234<body> <fmt:messagekey="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:messagekey="password"></fmt:message></body>

  在SpringMVC中配置

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12<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --><mvc:view-controllerpath="/locale"view-name="locale"/>

  让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

  最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

 十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

  1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类

  2.User实体类

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12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031public class User {   publicintgetId() {     returnid;  }  publicvoidsetId(intid) {    this.id = id;  }  publicString getName() {    returnname;  }  publicvoidsetName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  publicDate getBirth() {    returnbirth;  }  publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) {    this.birth = birth;  }  @Override  publicString toString() {    return"User [id="+ id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]";  }    privateintid;   @NotEmpty  privateString name;    @Past  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")  privateDate birth;}

  3.UserService类

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12345678910@Componentpublic class UserService {   publicUserService(){    System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n");  }      publicvoidsave(){     System.out.println("save");  }}

  4.UserController

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12345678910111213@Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController {   @Autowired  privateUserService userService;      @RequestMapping("/user")  publicString saveUser(@RequestBody@ModelAttributeUser u){    System.out.println(u);    userService.save();    return"hello";  }}

  5.Spring配置文件

  在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

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12345678910111213141516171819202122<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd    "    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      >  <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">    <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>      </context:component-scan>    </beans>

  在Web.xml中添加配置

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12345678<!-- configure the springIOC --><listener>  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><context-param <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param>

  6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

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1234567<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->  <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">    <context:include-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    <context:include-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>  </context:component-scan>

 十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

 十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

  1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

  2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。

  3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

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