表单上传的文件对象存储在类字典对象request.FILES中,表单格式需为multipart/form-data
12 | <form enctype= "multipart/form-data" method= "post" action= "/foo/" > <input type= "file" name= "image" /> |
request.FILES中的键来自于表单中的<input type="file" name="" />的name值:
1 | img=request.FILES[ 'image' ] |
request.FILES中的值均为UploadedFile类文件对象。
UploadedFile是类文件对象,具有以下方法和属性:
UploadedFile.read()
读取整个上传文件的数据,文件较大时慎用。
UploadedFile.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)
判断文件是否足够大,一般为2.5M
UploadedFile.chunks(chunk_size=None)
返回一个生成器对象,当multiple_chunks()为True时应该使用这个方法来代替read().
UploadedFile.name
上传文件的name。
UploadedFile.size
上传文件的大小。
UploadedFile.content_type
上传文件时的content_type报头,例如(e.g. text/plain or application/pdf).
UpladedFile.charset
编码
想将上传的文件存储在本地时:
1234 | f=request.FILES[ 'image' ] with open( 'some/file/name.txt' , 'wb+' ) as destination: for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) |
使用Form处理上传文件
也可以使用django自带的form来处理上传文件。
先创建带FileFiled或者ImageFiled的Form:
123456 | # In forms.py... from django import forms class UploadFileForm(forms.Form): title = forms.CharField(max_length=50) file = forms.FileField() |
用Form处理:
1 | >>> f =UploadFileFormt(request.POST, request.FILES) |
view函数:
123456789101112131415161718 | from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from .forms import UploadFileForm def handle_uploaded_file(f): with open( 'some/file/name.txt' , 'wb+' ) as destination: for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) def upload_file(request): if request.method == 'POST' : form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): handle_uploaded_file(request.FILES[ 'file' ]) return HttpResponseRedirect( '/success/url/' ) else : form = UploadFileForm() return render_to_response( 'upload.html' , { 'form' : form}) |
如果创建了一个带FileField或者ImageField域的Model,需要将上传文件存储到Model的FileFIeld域。
比如,使用nicEdit文本编辑器时,需要存储上传的文件,建立Model:
1234 | from django.db import models class NicEditImage(models.Model): image = models.ImageField(upload_to= 'nicedit/%Y/%m/%d' ) |
创建ModelForm:
12345 | from django import forms class NicEditImageForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = NicEditImage |
view:
1234567891011121314151617181920212223 | def upload(request): if not request.user.is_authenticated(): json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success' : False, 'errors' : { '__all__' : 'Authentication required' }}) return HttpResponse(json, mimetype= 'application/json' ) form = NicEditImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None) if form.is_valid(): image = form.save() #保存Form和Model json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success' : True, 'upload' : { 'links' : { 'original' : image.image.url}, 'image' : { 'width' : image.image.width, 'height' : image.image.height} } }) else : json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success' : False, 'errors' : form.errors}) return HttpResponse(json, mimetype= 'application/json' ) |
当然也可以手动存储文件到Model的文件域:
123456789101112131415 | from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.shortcuts import render from .forms import UploadFileForm from .models import ModelWithFileField def upload_file(request): if request.method == 'POST' : form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): instance = ModelWithFileField(file_field=request.FILES[ 'file' ]) #保存文件到FileField域 instance.save() return HttpResponseRedirect( '/success/url/' ) else : form = UploadFileForm() return render(request, 'upload.html' , { 'form' : form}) |
想获得更大自由度时,可以全手动处理。
123456 | from django.db import models class Car(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=255) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) photo = models.ImageField(upload_to= 'cars' ) |
Model的FileField有以下属性:
123456789 | >>> car = Car.objects.get(name= "57 Chevy" ) >>> car.photo <ImageFieldFile: chevy.jpg> >>> car.photo.name u 'cars/chevy.jpg' >>> car.photo.path u '/media/cars/chevy.jpg' >>> car.photo.url u 'http://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg' |
Model的FileField是一个File对象,除了具有File对象的各种方法外,还有一个额外的save()方法:
FieldFile.save(name, content, save=True)
name为存储名字,content为File或者File子类的实例
12 | >>> car.photo.save( 'myphoto.jpg' , content, save=False) >>> car.save() |
类似于
1 | >>> car.photo.save( 'myphoto.jpg' , content, save=True) |
手动存储:
123456 | from django.core.files.base import ContentFile photo=request.FILES.get( 'photo' , '' ) if photo: file_content = ContentFile(photo.read()) #创建File对象 car.photo.save(photo.name, file_content) #保存文件到car的photo域 car.save() |
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