昨天做了一个简易的职工管理项目,每个功能都能正常运行,但是有个缺陷就是不能长期的保存,运行窗口关闭后所有存储的数据便会都没有,即没有文件操作保存在本地,所以今天对噶项目进行了文件操作的修改,一开始个人还觉得修改的地方不会太多,但仔细考虑后还是有很多注意点和修改的地方:
(1)首先就是注册,每注册一个职工信息就需要你利用文件操作存入本地的文件中,这里我用了ofstream outfile ,outfile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);outfile.write((char *)&wor,sizeof(wor));outfile.close();有个小注意点就是当往文件里写数据时传递的是一个字符型指针,最后千万不要忘记关掉打开的文件,当保存好了以后就是要查看信息
(2)查看信息在这个项目可以有两个选择,一个是对文件里的内容进行一个一个的读取,将读到的东西打印出来,另外一个则是在你注册的时候将注册好的信息压入到vector数组的最后,然后利用vector<Worker>::iterator定义一个指针对类数组中的元素进行遍历并打印出来,这里我选择了第一个方案,这样更符合文件操作的特征
(3)修改职工的信息;将职工的信息从文件里读取出来很容易,但是想要修改里面的数据就稍微有些复杂了,毕竟要删除原来的信息将现在修改的信息存入到文件中,一开始自己是想着不如先放到vector的类数组中,也就是用指针来接文件里的内容,试了几次后行不通才恍然大悟,存入文件的指针和读取的指针不是同一个类型,没法读取到vector中来,只好另外找办法,也是想了许久才想到可行的方案,就是将原来的文件里内容一个个读取,并存放到另一个文件里去,同时把修改好的信息也放进另一个文件中,删掉最初的文件,将新的文件里的内容复制到和原来文件名(又创建)一样的文件里去,删掉第二个文件,这样做才会在不影响其他功能的前提下解决问题
(4)删除职工的信息:和修改信息一样,利用两个文件来进行操作,将删掉后的所有信息放到第二个文件中,再放到原来的文件里
(5)对职工的薪资进行排序:由于不知道在文件里怎么进行排序,便选择了将文件里的内容全部放到vector里来,再用sort对vector里的成员进行排序,最后用指针遍历所有的元素打印出来,但是这样的操作不会改变文件里的成员排序,毕竟没有对文件的内容进行操作
下面则是自己文件修改后的代码(只有对在上一条博客中的plan.cpp里面进行了操作,其余代码没有改动):
#include "plan.h"#include<windows.h>#include <string>#include <iostream>#include <vector>#include <functional>#include <algorithm>#include <time.h>#include <fstream>#include <stdlib.h>using namespace std;char* mytime(){ time_t rawtime; struct tm * timeinfo; time ( &rawtime ); timeinfo = localtime ( &rawtime ); return asctime (timeinfo); }bool mysalary(Worker& wor1, Worker& wor2) //比较职工薪资的大小{ return wor1.salary<wor2.salary;}void Plan::jiemian() //主菜单界面{ system("cls") ; system("color 5F"); cout<<endl; cout<<endl; cout<<"/t/t****************************************************"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* "<<mytime() ; cout<<"/t/t* 请选择您需要的操作! *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* (1)添加职工人员 *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* (2)删除职工人员 *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* (3)修改职工信息 *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* (4)查询 *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* (5)显示所有职工个人信息 *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* (6)按薪资排名 *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* (0)退出 *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t* 选择相对的括号里的阿拉伯数字! *"<<endl; cout<<"/t/t****************************************************"; cout<<endl; cout<<endl; return;}void Plan::find(std::vector<Worker> &ver) //查询职工信息{ system("cls"); string stucode; string stuname; cout<<"请输入职工工号:"; cin>>stucode; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工姓名:"; cin>>stuname; ifstream infile ; infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary); int temper = 1 ; while(temper) { Worker *p = new Worker ; if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker))) { if((p->name == stuname)&&(p->id == stucode)) { cout<<endl ; cout<<"职工号:"<<p->id<<"职工姓名:"<<p->name<<" 职工年龄:"<<p->age<<" 性别:"<<p->sex<<" 邮编:"<<p->mail <<" 部门:"<<p->section<<" 薪资:"<<p->salary<<endl; free(p) ; string ii ; cout<<endl ; cout<<"返回主界面请按任意键:"; cin>>ii ; return ; } } else { temper = 0 ; } free(p) ; } cout<<endl ; cout<<"对不起 未找到您所查找的职工"<<endl ; Sleep(2000) ; return;}void Plan::list(std::vector<Worker>&ver) //浏览职工个人信息{ system("cls"); ifstream infile ; infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary); int temper = 1 ; while(temper) { Worker *p = new Worker ; if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker))) { cout<<"职工号:"<<p->id<<"职工姓名:"<<p->name<<" 职工年龄:"<<p->age<<" 性别:"<<p->sex<<" 邮编:"<<p->mail <<" 部门:"<<p->section<<" 薪资:"<<p->salary<<endl; } else { temper = 0 ; } free(p) ; } cout<<endl<<endl<<endl; string name; cout<<"按任意键返回主界面:"; cin>>name ; return;}void Plan::edit(std::vector<Worker> &ver) //修改职工信息{ system("cls"); string stucode; string stuname; cout<<"请输入职工工号:"; cin>>stucode; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工姓名:"; cin>>stuname; cout<<endl ; ifstream infile ; ofstream outfile1; infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary); int temper1 = 1 ; int biaozhi = 0 ; while(temper1) { Worker *p = new Worker ; if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker))) { if((p->name == stuname)&&(p->id == stucode)) { biaozhi = 1 ; cout<<"原来的信息:"<<endl; cout<<endl ; cout<<"职工号:"<<p->id<<"职工姓名:"<<p->name<<" 职工年龄:"<<p->age<<" 性别:"<<p->sex<<" 邮编:"<<p->mail <<" 部门:"<<p->section<<" 薪资:"<<p->salary<<endl; cout<<"请输入新信息:"<<endl; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入姓名:"; cin>>(*p).name; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入年龄:"; cin>>(*p).age; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入性别:"; cin>>(*p).sex; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工号:"; cin>>(*p).id; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工邮编:"; cin>>(*p).mail; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工部门:"; cin>>(*p).section; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工薪资:"; cin>>(*p).salary; cout<<endl ; cout<<"系统正在存储信息,即将返回主界面......"<<endl; outfile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary | ios::app); outfile1.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)); outfile1.close(); free(p); continue ; } outfile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary | ios::app); outfile1.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)); outfile1.close(); } else { if(biaozhi == 0) { cout<<"对不起 未找到您所要查询的职工信息,即将返回主界面......"; } else { NULL ; } temper1 = 0 ; } free(p) ; } infile.close() ; remove("zhigong.txt") ; ifstream infile1 ; ofstream outfile2 ; infile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary); int temper2 = 1 ; while(temper2) { Worker *p = new Worker ; if(infile1.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker))) { outfile2.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app); outfile2.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)); outfile2.close(); } else { temper2 = 0 ; } free(p) ; } infile1.close() ; remove("beifen.txt"); Sleep(3000) ; return ;}void Plan::del(std::vector<Worker> &ver) //删除职工信息{ system("cls"); string stucode; string stuname; cout<<"请输入职工工号:"; cin>>stucode; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工姓名:"; cin>>stuname; cout<<endl ; ifstream infile ; ofstream outfile1; infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary); int temper1 = 1 ; int biaozhi1 = 0 ; while(temper1) { Worker *p = new Worker ; if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker))) { if((p->name == stuname)&&(p->id == stucode)) { biaozhi1 = 1 ; cout<<endl ; cout<<"正在删除,请稍等......"; free(p); continue ; } outfile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary | ios::app); outfile1.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)); outfile1.close(); } else { if(biaozhi1 == 0) { cout<<endl ; cout<<"对不起 未找到您所要查询的职工信息,即将返回主界面......"<<endl; } else { NULL; } temper1 = 0 ; } free(p) ; } infile.close() ; remove("zhigong.txt") ; ifstream infile1 ; ofstream outfile2 ; infile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary); int temper2 = 1 ; while(temper2) { Worker *p = new Worker ; if(infile1.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker))) { outfile2.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app); outfile2.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)); outfile2.close(); } else { temper2 = 0 ; } free(p) ; } infile1.close() ; remove("beifen.txt"); Sleep(2000) ; return;}void Plan::insert(std::vector<Worker> &ver) //添加职工信息{ system("cls"); Worker wor; string stucode; string stuname; string stusex; string stuage; string stumail; string stusection; double stusalary; cout<<"请输入职工工号:"; cin>>stucode; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工姓名:"; cin>>stuname; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工年龄:"; cin>>stuage; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工性别:"; cin>>stusex; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工邮编:"; cin>>stumail; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工部门:"; cin>>stusection; cout<<endl ; cout<<"请输入职工薪资:"; cin>>stusalary; cout<<endl ; wor.id=stucode; wor.name=stuname; wor.age=stuage; wor.sex=stusex; wor.mail=stumail; wor.section=stusection; wor.salary=stusalary; //ver.push_back(wor); ofstream outfile; outfile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app); outfile.write((char *)&wor,sizeof(wor)); outfile.close(); //文件操作 //ofstream outfile("zhigong.txt",ios::out) ; //if(!outfile) //{ // cerr<<"打开失败!"<<endl; // return ; //} //outfile<<wor.id<<" "; //outfile<<wor.name<<" "; //outfile<<wor.age<<" "; //outfile<<wor.sex<<" "; //outfile<<wor.mail<<" "; //outfile<<wor.section<<" "; //outfile<<wor.salary<<" "; //outfile.close(); cout<<"系统正在存储信息,即将返回主界面......"<<endl; Sleep(3000) ; return;}void Plan::st(std::vector<Worker>&ver) //按职工薪资排名{ system("cls") ; ifstream infile ; infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary); int temper = 1 ; while(temper) { Worker *p = new Worker ; if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker))) { Worker wor ; wor.id=p->id; wor.name=p->name; wor.age=p->age; wor.sex=p->sex; wor.mail=p->mail; wor.section=p->section; wor.salary=p->salary; ver.push_back(wor); } else { temper = 0 ; } free(p) ; } std::sort(ver.begin(), ver.end(), mysalary);//默认的sort函数是按升序排 vector<Worker>::iterator i; for(i=ver.begin(); i!=ver.end(); i++) { cout<<"职工号:"<<(*i).id<<"职工姓名:"<<(*i).name<<" 职工年龄:"<<(*i).age<<" 性别:"<<(*i).sex<<" 邮编:"<<(*i).mail <<" 部门:"<<(*i).section<<" 薪资:"<<(*i).salary<<endl; } cout<<endl<<endl<<endl; string name; cout<<"按任意键返回主界面:"; cin>>name ; return;}
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