ContentProvider与隐式Intent获取手机联系人通讯录信息或电话的方法

2019-11-09 15:24:46
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1 用隐式Intent获取联系人
第一步、在需要读取或者修改联系人信息的前要在manifests文件下声明读写权限，否则在后续的调用中会出错
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>     第二步采用ACTION_PICK为动作声明一个隐式Intent。
  
 bt_main_button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_main_button);        bt_main_button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);   //声明隐式Intent，从联系人中获取一个返回信息                startActivityForResult(i,RESULT_CANCELED);            }        });
第三步、在onActivityResult中获取返回的URI，该URI是指向用户所选的联系人的定位符，通过该URI可以查询联系人数据库从而提取出联系人id与姓名。而通过联系人id可以进一步在数据库中提取出联系人的电话。其中联系人名字和id要在ContactsContract.Contacts中获取，而电话则ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone中获取。
 @Override    PRotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {        if (requestCode == RESULT_CANCELED){            Uri contactUri = data.getData();             //该数据URI是一个指向用户所选联系人的定位符            Cursor c =getContentResolver().query(contactUri, null, null, null, null); //查询联系人数据库，获得一个可用的Cursor            if(c.moveToFirst()) {                        //将Cursor移动到第一条记录                String suspect = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));        //通过Cursor c获得联系人名字                String id = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));                      //通过Cursor c获得联系人id                Cursor c2 =getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, null,                 ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID + "=" + id, null, null);                //在ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI里，                // 通过上面获得的联系人id获得一个新的Cursor c2                c2.moveToFirst();                String phonenum = c2.getString(c2.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));   //通过Cursor c2获得联系人电                //给控件赋值                tv_main_view.setText(suspect+"      "+phonenum);                c2.close();                    //关闭Cursor c2                c.close();                     //关闭Cursor c            }        }    }
2 通过ContentProvider得到手机上所有联系人的信息   
           第一步    在manifests文件下声明读写权限 与隐式intent一样的
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>           第二步 得到内容访问者
  ContentResolver cr=getContentResolver();            第三步  得到手机中所有的联系人的信息并展示在listview中  
    
    List<String> namelist=new ArrayList<>();    List<String> tellist=new ArrayList<>();    //ContentProvider得到所有联系的信息    public void getContacts(View view){       //获取联系人        Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts");         Cursor cursor= cr.query(uri,null,null,null,null);         while(cursor.moveToNext()){             //得到联系人是id             int id=cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));             String name=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("display_name"));         //    Log.i("text", "getContacts: "+id+name);             //获取相对应的联系人的数据（电话号码）             Uri uriData=Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts/"+id+"/data");             Cursor cursorData=cr.query(uriData,null,null,null,null);             while (cursorData.moveToNext()){                 String data1=cursorData.getString(cursorData.getColumnIndex("data1"));                 //int type=cursorData.getInt(cursorData.getColumnIndex("mimetype_id"));                 //得到数据的类型（邮件地址，电话号码等等）这里我们只需得到电话号码                 String type=cursorData.getString(cursorData.getColumnIndex("mimetype"));                 if("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2".equals(type)){                       namelist.add(name);                       tellist.add(data1);                 }             }         }        List<Map<String,Object>> date=new ArrayList<>();        for (int i = 0; i <namelist.size() ; i++) {            Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();            map.put("name",namelist.get(i));            map.put("tel",tellist.get(i));            date.add(map);        }        SimpleAdapter adpater=new SimpleAdapter(this,date,R.layout.item_list,new String[]{"name","tel"},new int[]{R.id.tv_list_name,R.id.tv_list_apont} );         lv_main_view.setAdapter(adpater);        lv_main_view.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {            @Override            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {                tv_main_view.setText(namelist.get(position)+"      "+tellist.get(position));            }        });    }
两种方式结合源代码：java代码：
import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.content.Intent;import android.net.Uri;import android.provider.ContactsContract;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.database.Cursor;import android.widget.Adapter;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;import android.widget.TextView;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    private ContentResolver cr;    List<String> namelist=new ArrayList<>();    List<String> tellist=new ArrayList<>();    private ListView lv_main_view;    private TextView tv_main_view;    private Button bt_main_button;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        lv_main_view = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_main_view);        tv_main_view = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_main_view);        bt_main_button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_main_button);        bt_main_button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);   //声明隐式Intent，从联系人中获取一个返回信息                startActivityForResult(i,RESULT_CANCELED);            }        });          cr = getContentResolver();    }    @Override    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {        if (requestCode == RESULT_CANCELED){            Uri contactUri = data.getData();             //该数据URI是一个指向用户所选联系人的定位符            Cursor c =getContentResolver().query(contactUri, null, null, null, null); //查询联系人数据库，获得一个可用的Cursor            if(c.moveToFirst()) {                        //将Cursor移动到第一条记录                String suspect = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));        //通过Cursor c获得联系人名字                String id = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));                      //通过Cursor c获得联系人id                Cursor c2 =getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, null,                 ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID + "=" + id, null, null);                //在ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI里，                // 通过上面获得的联系人id获得一个新的Cursor c2                c2.moveToFirst();                String phonenum = c2.getString(c2.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));   //通过Cursor c2获得联系人电                //给控件赋值                tv_main_view.setText(suspect+"      "+phonenum);                c2.close();                    //关闭Cursor c2                c.close();                     //关闭Cursor c            }        }    }    public void getContacts(View view){       //获取联系人        Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts");         Cursor cursor= cr.query(uri,null,null,null,null);         while(cursor.moveToNext()){             //得到联系人是id             int id=cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));             String name=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("display_name"));         //    Log.i("text", "getContacts: "+id+name);             //获取相对应的联系人的数据（电话号码）             Uri uriData=Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts/"+id+"/data");             Cursor cursorData=cr.query(uriData,null,null,null,null);             while (cursorData.moveToNext()){                 String data1=cursorData.getString(cursorData.getColumnIndex("data1"));                 //int type=cursorData.getInt(cursorData.getColumnIndex("mimetype_id"));                 //得到数据的类型（邮件地址，电话号码等等）这里我们只需得到电话号码                 String type=cursorData.getString(cursorData.getColumnIndex("mimetype"));                 if("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2".equals(type)){                       namelist.add(name);                       tellist.add(data1);                 }             }         }        List<Map<String,Object>> date=new ArrayList<>();        for (int i = 0; i <namelist.size() ; i++) {            Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();            map.put("name",namelist.get(i));            map.put("tel",tellist.get(i));            date.add(map);        }        SimpleAdapter adpater=new SimpleAdapter(this,date,R.layout.item_list,new String[]{"name","tel"},new int[]{R.id.tv_list_name,R.id.tv_list_apont} );         lv_main_view.setAdapter(adpater);        lv_main_view.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {            @Override            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {                tv_main_view.setText(namelist.get(position)+"      "+tellist.get(position));            }        });    }
xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/activity_main"    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:orientation="vertical"    tools:context="com.mdf_android01.android25_contentresolver02.MainActivity">    <TextView        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="30dp"      android:id="@+id/tv_main_view"        >    </TextView>    <Button android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="ContentProvider获取所有联系人"        android:onClick="getContacts"        />      <Button android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="隐式跳转获取联系人"        android:id="@+id/bt_main_button"        />    <ListView        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:id="@+id/lv_main_view"        >    </ListView></LinearLayout>
真机效果图