spring注解事务及事务回滚失败的原因

2019-11-06 06:05:56

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背景

sPRing支持编程式事务管理和声明式事务管理两种方式。

编程式事务管理使用TransactionTemplate或者直接使用底层的PlatformTransactionManager。对于编程式事务管理，spring推荐使用TransactionTemplate。

声明式事务管理建立在AOP之上的。其本质是对方法前后进行拦截，然后在目标方法开始之前创建或者加入一个事务，在执行完目标方法之后根据执行情况提交或者回滚事务。

声明式事务管理也有两种常用的方式，一种是基于tx和aop名字空间的xml配置文件，另一种就是基于@Transactional注解。显然基于注解的方式更简单易用，更清爽。

自动提交(AutoCommit)与连接关闭时的是否自动提交

自动提交

默认情况下，数据库处于自动提交模式。每一条语句处于一个单独的事务中，在这条语句执行完毕时，如果执行成功则隐式的提交事务，如果执行失败则隐式的回滚事务。

spring注解事务的实现

maven创建一个普通项目，当然web项目也可以，我这里是一个web项目 pom.xm如下,本身是用不到这么多jar，直接从项目中拷贝的，懒得删。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.bamboo</groupId> <artifactId>anoTest</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>anoTest Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <repositories> <repository> <id>nexus_public</id> <name>nexus_public</name> <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>nexus_public</id> <name>nexus_public</name>  <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/</url> <layout>default</layout> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> <releases> <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy> </releases> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories>  <properties>  <spring.version>4.1.0.RELEASE</spring.version> <shiro.version>1.2.3</shiro.version> <mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version> <mybatis-spring.version>1.2.2</mybatis-spring.version> <MySQL.version>5.1.26</mysql.version> <druid.version>1.0.9</druid.version> <junit.version>3.8.1</junit.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version> <poi.version>3.10-FINAL</poi.version> <commons-lang3.version>3.1</commons-lang3.version> <commons-io.version>2.4</commons-io.version> <commons-codec.version>1.8</commons-codec.version> <commons-fileupload.version>1.3.1</commons-fileupload.version> <commons-beanutils.version>1.8.3</commons-beanutils.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version> </properties><dependencies>   <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>6.0.37</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.5.4</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>javax.inject</groupId> <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId> <version>1</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> <version>1.9.13</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId> <version>${shiro.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId> <version>${shiro.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId> <version>${shiro.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> <version>1.4</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>${mybatis-spring.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>${commons-io.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>${commons-fileupload.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId> <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId> <version>1.8.3</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>opensymphony</groupId> <artifactId>sitemesh</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId> <artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId> <version>2.8.3</version> </dependency>   </dependencies> <build> <finalName>onedollar</finalName> </build></project>

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:ehcache="http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring/ehcache-spring-1.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">  <context:component-scan base-package="anotest" />  <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/shiro" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="passWord" value="root" /> <property name="initialSize" value="3" /> <property name="maxActive" value="10" /> <property name="maxIdle" value="5" /> <property name="minIdle" value="2" /> <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" /> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" /> <property name="testOnReturn" value="false" /> <property name="validationQuery" value="select 1" /> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="20000" /> <property name="numTestsPerEvictionRun" value="100" /> </bean>  <bean id="sqlsessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />  <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:anotest/mapper/*.xml"></property> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="anotest" /> </bean>  <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="anotest.dao" /> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property> </bean>  <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"> </bean>  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" proxy-target-class="true" />    </beans>

代码片段

创建包名 anotest.dao anotest.mapper anotest.service.impl

LogDao.java

package anotest.dao;import anotest.Log;/** * log页面表数据库处理类 */public interface LogDao { void add(Log log);}

LogMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="anotest.dao.LogDao"><resultMap type="Log" id="Log"> <id column="LOG_ID" property="logId" javaType="java.lang.Long" jdbcType="BIGINT"/> <result column="IMEI_CODE" property="imeiCode" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result column="DAY_TIME" property="dayTime" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/></resultMap><sql id="AllColumnlist">LOG_ID,IMEI_CODE,DAY_TIME</sql><sql id="CommonColumnlist">LOG_ID,IMEI_CODE,DAY_TIME</sql><insert id="add" parameterType="Log" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="LogId"> insert into T_LOG ( <if test="logId!=null"> LOG_ID, </if> IMEI_CODE, DAY_TIME ) values ( <if test="logId!=null"> #{logId,jdbcType = BIGINT}, </if> #{imeiCode,jdbcType = VARCHAR}, #{dayTime,jdbcType = VARCHAR} )</insert><delete id="delete"> delete from T_LOG <where> Log_ID=#{0} </where></delete><select id="get" resultMap="Log"> select <include refid="AllColumnlist"/> from T_LOG <where> LOG_ID=#{0} </where></select><select id="getLogByCode" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultMap="Log"> select * from T_LOG <where> IMEI_CODE=#{0} </where></select></mapper>

Log.java

package anotest;public class Log { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1l; /*Auto generated properties start*/ //log-id private Long logId; //IMEI编号 private String imeiCode; //年月日 private String dayTime; /*Auto generated methods start*/ public Log() { } /** * @param imeiCode * @param dayTime */ public Log(String imeiCode, String dayTime) { super(); this.imeiCode = imeiCode; this.dayTime = dayTime; } /*Auto generated methods end*/ /*Customized methods start*/ /*Customized methods end*/ public Long getLogId() { return logId; } public void setLogId(Long logId) { this.logId = logId; } public String getImeiCode() { return imeiCode; } public void setImeiCode(String imeiCode) { this.imeiCode = imeiCode; } public String getDayTime() { return dayTime; } public void setDayTime(String dayTime) { this.dayTime = dayTime; } @Override public String toString() { return "Log [logId=" + logId + ", imeiCode=" + imeiCode + ", dayTime=" + dayTime + "]"; }}

TestService.java

package anotest.service;import anotest.Log;/** * @ClassName: TestService * @Description: TODO(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用) * @author bamboo <a href="mailto:zjcjava@163.com?subject=hello,bamboo&body=Dear Bamboo:%0d%0a描述你的问题：">Bamboo</a> * @date 2017年3月7日上午10:17:06 * @since */public interface TestService { public void addCatch() throws Exception; public void addTest();}

TestServiceImpl.java

package anotest.service.impl;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import anotest.Log;import anotest.dao.LogDao;import anotest.service.TestService;/** * @ClassName: TestServiceImpl * @Description: TODO(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用) * @author bamboo <a href="mailto:zjcjava@163.com?subject=hello,bamboo&body=Dear Bamboo:%0d%0a描述你的问题：">Bamboo</a> * @date 2017年3月7日上午10:38:42 * @since */@Service//默认将类中的所有函数纳入事务管理. @Transactionalpublic class TestServiceImpl implements TestService{ @Resource private LogDao logDao; /*** * 捕获异常后但是不抛出去是无法执行回滚事务的 * 建议：用本方式写,使上层方法能够检测到数据插入失败，因此必须抛出异常，然后在调用它的方法中捕获异常并提示用户数据提交失败 * @throws Exception */ @Transactional public void addCatch() throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd"); String dayTime=format.format(new Date()); Log log =new Log("ABCD", dayTime); log.setLogId(System.currentTimeMillis()); System.out.println(log.toString()); // 调用Dao执行插入操作 logDao.add(log);//正常常数据 log.setDayTime(dayTime+"yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"); // 调用Dao执行插入操作 logDao.add(log);//异常数据 } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block System.out.println("插入失败"); //throw new Exception(e);//注意：正常环境中必须去掉本行注释,当把这行去掉注释事务回滚就会起作用 } } /****** * 运行时异常不作捕获则则能够正常执行回滚事务 */ @Transactional public void addTest() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd"); String dayTime=format.format(new Date()); Log log =new Log("ABCD", dayTime); log.setLogId(System.currentTimeMillis()); System.out.println(log.toString()); // 调用Dao执行插入操作 logDao.add(log); log.setDayTime(dayTime+"yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"); // 调用Dao执行插入操作 logDao.add(log);//异常数据 }}

测试类

ContextConfig.java

import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; //指定bean注入的配置文件 @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml" }) //使用标准的JUnit @RunWith注释来告诉JUnit使用Spring TestRunner @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) public class ContextConfig extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {}

TestCase.java

import org.junit.Test;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import anotest.service.TestService;public class TestCase extends ContextConfig { @Autowired private TestService testService; @Test public void getTimestampTest() throws Exception{ testService.addCatch();//1捕获异常的方法,注释掉异常抛出则不会回滚 testService.addTest();//2没有任何捕获,能够正常回滚 } }

测试结果

当注释掉注释//2所在的行只执行addCatch()方法时

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner).log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.Log [logId=1488871162669, imeiCode=ABCD, dayTime=20170307]插入失败

插入失败，但是我们看数据库,依然会有数据被插入了

当注释掉注释//1所在的行只执行addTest()方法时 OUTPUT:

看数据库,显然数据没有被插入，而是发生了回滚

我们在回到addCatch()方法，把下面这行的注释去掉

//throw new Exception(e);//注意：正常环境中必须去掉本行注释,当把这行去掉注释事务回滚就会起作用

运行测试

OUTPUT:

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner).log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.Log [logId=1488871709355, imeiCode=ABCD, dayTime=20170307]插入失败

查看表数，可以看到这次数据并没有被插入