This memo PRovides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
This memo clarifies issues surrounding subnetting IP networks by providing a standard subnet table. This table includes subnetting for Class A, B, and C networks, as well as Network IDs, host ranges and IP broadcast addresses with emphasis on Class C subnets.
This memo is intended as an informational companion to Subneting RFC [1] and the Hosts Requirements RFC[2].
IntrodUCtion
The growth of networking since the time of STD 5, RFC950 and STD 3, RFC1123 has resulted in larger and more complex network subnetting. The previously mentioned RFCs comprise the available guidelines for creating subnetted networks, however they have occassionaly been misinterpreted leading to confusion regarding proper subnetting.
This document itemizes the potential values for IPv4 subnets. Additional information is provided for Hex and Decmial values, classfull equivalants, and number of addresses available within the indicated block.
Table
The following table lists the variable length subnets from 1 to 32, the CIDR [3] representation form (/xx) and the Decmial equivalents. (M = Million, K=Thousand, A,B,C= traditional class values)
Mask value: # of Hex CIDR Decimal addresses Classfull 80.00.00.00 /1 128.0.0.0 2048 M 128 A C0.00.00.00 /2 192.0.0.0 1024 M 64 A E0.00.00.00 /3 224.0.0.0 512 M 32 A F0.00.00.00 /4 240.0.0.0 256 M 16 A F8.00.00.00 /5 248.0.0.0 128 M 8 A FC.00.00.00 /6 252.0.0.0 64 M 4 A FE.00.00.00 /7 254.0.0.0 32 M 2 A FF.00.00.00 /8 255.0.0.0 16 M 1 A FF.80.00.00 /9 255.128.0.0 8 M 128 B FF.C0.00.00 /10 255.192.0.0 4 M 64 B FF.E0.00.00 /11 255.224.0.0 2 M 32 B FF.F0.00.00 /12 255.240.0.0 1024 K 16 B FF.F8.00.00 /13 255.248.0.0 512 K 8 B FF.FC.00.00 /14 255.252.0.0 256 K 4 B FF.FE.00.00 /15 255.254.0.0 128 K 2 B FF.FF.00.00 /16 255.255.0.0 64 K 1 B FF.FF.80.00 /17 255.255.128.0 32 K 128 C FF.FF.C0.00 /18 255.255.192.0 16 K 64 C FF.FF.E0.00 /19 255.255.224.0 8 K 32 C FF.FF.F0.00 /20 255.255.240.0 4 K 16 C FF.FF.F8.00 /21 255.255.248.0 2 K 8 C FF.FF.FC.00 /22 255.255.252.0 1 K 4 C FF.FF.FE.00 /23 255.255.254.0 512 2 C FF.FF.FF.00 /24 255.255.255.0 256 1 C FF.FF.FF.80 /25 255.255.255.128 128 1/2 C FF.FF.FF.C0 /26 255.255.255.192 64 1/4 C FF.FF.FF.E0 /27 255.255.255.224 32 1/8 C FF.FF.FF.F0 /28 255.255.255.240 16 1/16 C FF.FF.FF.F8 /29 255.255.255.248 8 1/32 C FF.FF.FF.FC /30 255.255.255.252 4 1/64 C FF.FF.FF.FE /31 255.255.255.254 2 1/128 C FF.FF.FF.FF /32 255.255.255.255 This is a single host route
Subnets and Networks
The number of available network and host addresses are derived from the number of bits used for subnet maSKINg. The tables below depict the number of subnetting bits and the resulting network, broadcast address, and host addresses. Please note that all-zeros and all-ones subnets are included in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 per the current, standards- based practice for using all definable subnets [4].
Table 1-1 represents traditional subnetting of a Class B network address.
Subnet Mask # of nets Net. Addr. Host Addr Range Brodcast Addr. Bits of Subnet hosts/subnet
Table 1-2 represents traditional subnetting of a Class C network address (which is identical to extended Class B subnets).
Subnet Mask # of nets Net. Addr. Host Addr Range Brodcast Addr. Bits of Subnet hosts/subnet
255.255.255.128 2 nets N.N.N.0 N.N.N.1-126 N.N.N.127 1 bit Class C 126 N.N.N.128 N.N.N.129-254 N.N.N.255 9 bit Class B
255.255.255.192 4 nets N.N.N.0 N.N.N.1-62 N.N.N.63 2 bit Class C 62 N.N.N.64 N.N.N.65-126 N.N.N.127 10 bit Class B N.N.N.128 N.N.N.129-190 N.N.N.191 N.N.N.192 N.N.N.193-254 N.N.N.255
255.255.255.224 8 nets N.N.N.0 N.N.N.1-30 N.N.N.31 3 bit Class C 30 N.N.N.32 N.N.N.33-62 N.N.N.63 11 bit Class B N.N.N.64 N.N.N.65-94 N.N.N.95 N.N.N.96 N.N.N.97-126 N.N.N.127 N.N.N.128 N.N.N.129-158 N.N.N.159 N.N.N.160 N.N.N.161-190 N.N.N.191 N.N.N.192 N.N.N.193-222 N.N.N.223 N.N.N.224 N.N.N.225-254 N.N.N.255
255.255.255.240 16 nets N.N.N.0 N.N.N.1-14 N.N.N.15 4 bit Class C 14 N.N.N.16 N.N.N.17-30 N.N.N.31 12 bit Class B N.N.N.32 N.N.N.33-46 N.N.N.47 N.N.N.48 N.N.N.49-62 N.N.N.63 N.N.N.64 N.N.N.65-78 N.N.N.79 N.N.N.80 N.N.N.81-94 N.N.N.95 N.N.N.96 N.N.N.97-110 N.N.N.111 N.N.N.112 N.N.N.113-126 N.N.N.127 N.N.N.128 N.N.N.129-142 N.N.N.143 N.N.N.144 N.N.N.145-158 N.N.N.159 N.N.N.160 N.N.N.161-174 N.N.N.175 N.N.N.176 N.N.N.177-190 N.N.N.191 N.N.N.192 N.N.N.193-206 N.N.N.207
255.255.255.252 64 nets N.N.N.0 N.N.N.1-2 N.N.N.3 6 bit Class C 2 N.N.N.4 N.N.N.5-6 N.N.N.7 14 bit Class B N.N.N.8 N.N.N.9-10 N.N.N.11 N.N.N.244 N.N.N.245-246 N.N.N.247 N.N.N.248 N.N.N.249-250 N.N.N.251 N.N.N.252 N.N.N.253-254 N.N.N.255
For the sake of completeness within this memo, tables 2-1 and 2-2 illistrate some options for subnet/host partions within selected block sizes using calculations which exclude all-zeros and all-ones subnets [2]. Many vendors only support subnetting based upon this premise. This practice is obsolete! Modern software will be able to utilize all definable networks.
*Subnet all zeroes and all ones excluded. (Obsolete) *Host all zeroes and all ones excluded. (Obsolete)
References
[1] Mogul J., "BROADCASTING INTERNET DATAGRAMS IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBNETS", STD 5, RFC922, Stanford University, October 1984.
[2] Braden R., Editor, "Requirements for Internet Hosts -- application and Support", STD 3, RFC1123, IETF, October 1989.
[3] Fuller V., Li T., Yu J., and K. Varadhan, "Classless Inter- Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy", RFC1519, BARRNet, cicso, Merit, OARnet, September 1993.
[4] Baker F., "Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers", RFC1812, cisco Systems, June 1995.
[5] Mogul J., and J. Postel, "Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure", STD 5, RFC950, Stanford, USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1985.
Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
Authors' Addresses
Troy T. Pummill Alantec 2115 O'Nel Drive San Jose, CA 95131 USA
