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CISCO路由器产品配置手册二--PSDN

2019-11-05 00:35:51
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  PSTN
  电话网络(PSTN)是目前普及程度最高、成本最低的公用通讯网络,它在网络互连中也有广泛的应用。电话网络的应用一般可分为两种类型,一种是同等级别机构之间以按需拨号(DDR)的方式实现互连,一种是ISP为拨号上网为用户提供的远程访问服务的功能。
  1. 远程访问
  1.1. access Server基本设置:
  
  选用Cisco2511作为访问服务器,采用ip地址池动态分配地址.远程工作站使用WIN95拨号网络实现连接。
  
  全局设置:
  任务 命令
  设置用户名和密码 username username passWord password
  设置用户的IP地址池 ip local pool {default pool-name low-ip-address [high-ip-address]}
  指定地址池的工作方式 ip address-pool [dhcp-PRoxy-client local]
  
  基本接口设置命令:
  任务 命令
  设置封装形式为PPP encapsulation ppp
  启动异步口的路由功能 async default routing
  设置异步口的PPP工作方式 async mode {dedicated interactive}
  设置用户的IP地址 peer default ip address {ip-address dhcp pool [pool-name]}
  设置IP地址与Ethernet0相同 ip unnumbered ethernet0
  
  line拨号线设置:
  任务 命令
  设置modem的工作方式 modem {inoutdialin}
  自动配置modem类型 modem autoconfig discovery
  设置拨号线的通讯速率 speed speed
  设置通讯线路的流控方式 flowcontrol {none software [lock] [in out] hardware [in out]}
  连通后自动执行命令 autocommand command
  
  
  访问服务器设置如下:
  Router:
  hostname Router
  enable secret 5 $1$EFqU$tYLJLrynNUKzE4bx6fmH//
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Async1
  ip unnumbered Ethernet0
  encapsulation ppp
  keepalive 10
  async mode interactive
  peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142
  !
  ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36
  !
  line con 0
  exec-timeout 0 0
  password cisco
  !
  line 1 16
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  flowcontrol hardware
  !
  line aux 0
  transport input all
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  !
  end
  
  相关调试命令:
  show interface
  show line
  
  1.2. Access Server通过Tacacs服务器实现安全认证:
  使用一台WINDOWS NT服务器作为Tacacs服务器,地址为10.111.4.2,运行Cisco2511随机带的Easy ACS 1.0软件实现用户认证功能.
  
  相关设置:
  任务 命令
  激活AAA访问控制 aaa new-model
  用户登录时默认起用Tacacs+做AAA认证 aaa authentication login default tacacs+
  列表名为no_tacacs使用ENABLE口令做认证 aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable
  在运行PPP的串行线上采用Tacacs+做认证 aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+
  由TACACS+服务器授权运行EXEC aaa authorization exec tacacs+
  由TACACS+服务器授权与网络相关的服务请求。 aaa authorization network tacacs+
  为EXEC会话运行记帐.进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+
  为与网络相关的服务需求运行记帐包括SLIP,PPP,PPP NCPs,ARAP等.在进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+
  指定Tacacs服务器地址 tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2
  在Tacacs+服务器和访问服务器设定共享的要害字,访问服务器和Tacacs+服务器使用这个要害字去加密口令和响应信息。这里使用tac作为要害字。 tacacs-server key tac
  
  访问服务器设置如下:
  hostname router
  !
  aaa new-model
  aaa authentication login default tacacs+
  aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable
  aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+
  aaa authorization exec tacacs+
  aaa authorization network tacacs+
  aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+
  aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+
  enable secret 5 $1$kN4g$CvS4d2.rJzWntCnn/0hvE0
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial0
  no ip address
  shutdown
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  shutdown
  !
  interface Group-Async1
  ip unnumbered Ethernet0
  encapsulation ppp
  async mode interactive
  peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142
  no cdp enable
  group-range 1 16
  !
  ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36
  tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2
  tacacs-server key tac
  !
  line con 0
  exec-timeout 0 0
  password cisco
  login authentication no_tacacs
  line 1 16
  login authentication tacacs
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure type usr_courier
  autocommand ppp
  transport input all
  stopbits 1
  rxspeed 115200
  txspeed 115200
  flowcontrol hardware
  line aux 0
  transport input all
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  !
  end
  
  2. DDR(dial-on-demand routing)实例
  此例通过Cisco 2500系列路由器的aux端口实现异步拨号DDR连接。Router1拨号连接到Router2。其中采用PPP/CHAP做安全认证,在Router1中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router2。同时在Router2中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router1。所建的这两用户的password必须相同。
  
  相关命令如下:
  任务 命令
  设置路由器与modem的接口指令 chat-script script-name EXPECT SEND EXPECT SEND (etc.)
  设置端口在挂断前的等待时间 dialer idle-timeout seconds
  设置协议地址与电话号码的映射 dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname] [broadcast] [modem-scriptmodem-regexp] [system-script system-regexp] [dial-string]
  设置电话号码 dialer string dial-string
  指定在特定线路下路由器默认 使用的chat-script script {dialerreset} script-name
  
  Router1:
  hostname Router1
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$QKI7$wXjpFqC74vDAyKBUMallw/
  !
  username Router2 password cisco
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT /T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT /c
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Async1
  ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  async default routing
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name Router2 modem-script cisco-default 573
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.2
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  line aux 0
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  flowcontrol hardware
  
  
  
  Router2:
  hostname Router2
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$F6EV$5U8puzNt2/o9g.t56PXHo.
  !
  username Router1 password cisco
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Async1
  ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  async default routing
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name Router1
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.1
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  line aux 0
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  flowcontrol hardware
  !
  相关调试命令:
  debug dialer
  debug ppp authentication
  debug ppp error
  debug ppp negotiation
  debug ppp packet
  show dialer
  
  
  3. 异步拨号备份DDN专线:
  
  此例主连接采用DDN专线,备份线路为电话拨号。当DDN专线连接正常时,主端口S0状态为up,line protocol亦为up,则备份线路状态为standby,line protocol为down,此时所有通信均通过主接口进行。当主接口连接发生故障时,端口状态为down,则激活备份接口,完成数据通信。此方法不适合为X.25做备份。因为,配置封装为X.25的接口只要和X.25交换机之间的连接正常其接口及line protocol的状态亦为 up,它并不考虑其它地方需与之通信的路由器的状态如何,所以若本地路由器状态正常,而对方路由器连接即使发生故障,本地也不会激活备份线路。例4将会描述如何为X.25做拨号备份。
  
  以下是相关命令:
  任务 命令
  指定主线路改变后,次线路状态发生改变的延迟时间 backup delay {enable-delay never} {disable-delay never}
  指定一个接口作为备份接口 backup interface type number
  
  
  hostname c2522rb
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$J5vn$ceYDe2FwPhrZi6qsIIz6g0
  enable password cisco
  !
  username c4700 password 0 cisco
  ip subnet-zero
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT /T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT /c
  chat-script reset atz
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 16.122.51.254 255.255.255.0
  no ip mroute-cache
  !
  interface Serial0
  backup delay 10 10
  backup interface Serial2
  ip address 16.250.123.18 255.255.255.252
  no ip mroute-cache
  no fair-queue
  !
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial2
  physical-layer async
  ip address 16.249.123.18 255.255.255.252
  encapsulation ppp
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 16.249.123.17 name c4700 6825179
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  interface Serial3
  no ip address
  shutdown
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface Serial4
  no ip address
  shutdown
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface Serial5
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial6
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial7
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial8
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial9
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface BRI0
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  router eigrp 200
  network 16.0.0.0
  !
  ip classless
  !
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  line 2
  script dialer cisco-default
  script reset reset
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  rxspeed 38400
  txspeed 38400
  flowcontrol hardware
  line aux 0
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  login
  !
  end
  
  c2522rb#
  
  4. 异步拨号备份X.25:
  
  设置X.25的拨号备份,首先X.25连接的端口必须运行动态路由协议,异步拨号口必须使用静态路由.本例选择EIGRP作为路由选择协议,将静态路由的Metric的值设置为200,由于EIGRP的默认Metric为90,所以当同时有两条路径通往同一网段时,其中Metric值小的路径生效,而当X.25连接出现问题时,路由器无法通过路由协议学习到路由表,则此时静态路由生效,访问通过拨号端口实现。当X.25连接恢复正常时,路由器又可以学习到路由表,则由于 Metric值的不同,静态路由自动被动态路由所代替,这样就实现了备份的功能。
  
  路由器Router1配置如下:
  
  hostname router1
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$UTvD$99YiY2XsRMxHudcYeHn.Y.
  enable password cisco
  !
  username router2 password cisco
  ip subnet-zero
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT /T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT /c
  chat-script reset atz
  
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 202.96.38.100 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial0
  ip address 202.96.0.1 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation x25
  x25 address 10112227
  x25 htc 16
  x25 map ip 202.96.0.2 10112225 broadcast
  !
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  shutdown
  !
  !
  interface Async 1
  ip address 202.96.1.1 255.255.255.252
  encapsulation ppp
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 202.96.1.2 name router2 modem-script cisco-default 2113470
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  router eigrp 200
  redistribute connected
  network 202.96.0.0
  !
  ip route 202.96.37.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.2 200
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  line con 0
  line aux 0
  script dialer cisco-default
  script reset reset
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  transport input all
  rxspeed 38400
  txspeed 38400
  flowcontrol hardware
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  login
  !
  end
  
  路由器Router2配置如下:
  hostname router2
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$T4IU$2cIqak8f/E4Ug6dLT0k.J0
  enable password cisco
  !
  username router1 password cisco
  ip subnet-zero
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT /T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT /c
  chat-script reset atz
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 202.96.37.100 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial0
  ip address 202.96.0.2 255.255.255.0
  no ip mroute-cache
  encapsulation x25
  x25 address 10112225
  x25 htc 16
  x25 map ip 202.96.0.1 10112227 broadcast
  !
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  shutdown
  !
  interface Async1
  ip address 202.96.1.2 255.255.255.252
  encapsulation ppp
  keepalive 30
  async default routing
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer wait-for-carrier-time 120
  dialer map ip 202.96.1.1 name router1 modem-script cisco-default 2113469
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  router eigrp 200
  redistribute static
  network 202.96.0.0
  !
  no ip classless
  ip route 202.96.38.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.1 200
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  exec-timeout 0 0
  line aux 0
  script reset reset
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  transport input all
  rxspeed 38400
  txspeed 38400
  flowcontrol hardware
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  login
  !
  end


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