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IOS软件中使用历史记录、系统日志及调试工具(2)

2019-11-04 23:50:08
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  第3部分:使用Debug命令
  
  最后,我们来学习如何正确使用调试工具Debug,实验过程见监测清单2-4。
  
  监测清单2-4正确使用Debug
  
  Router#debug?
  aaa AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
  access-eXPRession Boolean access expression
  adjacency adjacency
  all Enable all debugging
  apple Appletalk information
  arap Appletalk Remote Access
  arp ip ARP and HP Probe transactions
  async Async interface information
  backup Backup events
  callback Callback activity
  cca CCA activity
  ... (此处省略)
  ip IP information
  ipx Novell/IPX information
  lapb LAPB protocol transactions
  ... (此处省略)
  vtemplate Virtual Template information
  x25 X.25, CMNS and XOT information
  x28 X28 mode
  
  Router#debug ip ?
  bgp BGP information
  cache IP cache Operations
  cef IP CEF operations
  cgmp CGMP protocol activity
  dhcp CGMP protocol activity
  drp Director response protocol
  dvmrp DVMRP protocol activity
  egp EGP information
  eigrp IP-EIGRP information
  error IP error debugging
  flow IP Flow switching operations
  FTP FTP dialogue
  Html HTML
  http HTTP connections
  icmp ICMP protocol activity
  igmp IGMP information
  interface IP interface configuration changes
  mbgp MBGP information
  mcache IP multicast cache operations
  mpacket IP multicast packet debugging
  mrm IP Multicast Routing Monitor
  mrouting IP multicast routing table activity
  msdp Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
  mtag IP multicast tagswitching activity
  nat NAT events
  ospf OSPF information
  packet General IP debugging and IPSO security transactions
  peer IP peer address activity
  pim PIM protocol activity
  policy Policy routing
  rip RIP protocol transactions
  routing Routing table events
  rsvp RSVP protocol activity
  rtp RTP information
  sd session Directory(SD)
  security IP security options
  socket Socket event
  tcp TCP information
  tempacl IP temporary ACL
  trigger-authentication Trigger authentication
  udp UDP based transactions
  wccp WCCP information
  
  Router#debug ip icmp
  ICMP packet debugging is on
  Router#ping 172.16.1.1
  Type escape sequence to abort.
  Sending5,100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1,timeout is 2 seconds:
  !!!!!
  SUCcess rate is 100 percent(5/5),round-trip min/avg/max=8/11/12ms
  Router#
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply sent,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply rcvd,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply sent,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply rcvd,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply sent,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply rcvd,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply sent,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply rcvd,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply sent,src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  04:13:25:ICMP:echo reply rcvd.src 172.16.1.1,dst 172.16.1.1
  Router#
  
  Router#show debug
  Generic IP
  ICMP packet debugging is on
  Router#debug arp
  ARP packet debugging is on
  Router#debug ip packet
  IP packet debugging is on
  Router#show debug
  ARP:
  ARP packet debugging is on
  Generic IP:
  ICMP packet debugging is on
  IP packet debugging is on
  Router#no debug ip packet
  IP packet debugging is off
  Router#show debug
  ARP:
  ARP packet debugging is on
  Generic IP:
  ICMP packet debugging is on
  Router#no debug all
  Router#show debug
  Router#
  
  (1)第1个命令debug?是查看debug命令所包含的子命令,可以看到debug命令有非常丰富的子命令。其中debug all是打开所有的可用的debug在实际工作的网络环境中对这个命令的使用非常轻易造成路由器的处理资源耗尽,所以应尽量避免使用带all选项的debug命令。在使用debug命令时其子命令越具体越好,越能看到具体的监测内容,并且减小对于路由器处理能力的影响。
  
  (2)在debug ip的子命令中,有icmp一项是用来监测ICMP协议执行情况的,我们启动这一监测项,即debug ip icmp。
  
  (3)为了看出上述命令的监测结果,我们用ping命令来做测试。监测结果显示从源地址172.16.1.1向目标地址172.16.1.1(与源地址相同)发送了5个icmp reply包,同时目标地址接收到了5个icmp reply包。
  
  (4)show debug 命令可以查看当前打开的监测项目。
  
  (5)命令no debug ip packet 用来关闭对ip packet的监测,原来已打开的其他监测项目仍处于打开状态。
  
  (6)命令no debug all或undebug all 可以关闭所有debug项目,最后的show debug结果显示一个空行表示没有正在打开的监测项目。


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