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IOS软件中模式切换、上下文帮助及查看有关信息

2019-11-04 23:50:04
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  2.2 实验1:模式切换、上下文帮助及查看有关信息
  
  本实验进行路由器IOS软件的基本操作,包括在各种CLI模式之间切换,使用上下文帮助,查验IOS版本信息,以及查看路由器基本组件信息。
  
  1.实验目的
  
  通过本实验,读者可以把握以下技能:
  在用户执行模式、特权执行模式和配置模式之间切换;
  查看各种模式下命令的区别;
  熟悉上下文关联帮助的使用;
  查看IOS版本信息;
  查看路由器各基本组件信息。
  
  2.设备需求
  
  本实验需要以下设备:
  
  Cisco路由器1台,型号不限;
  PC机1台,操作系统为Windows系列;
  Console电缆1条及相应的接口转换器。
  
  3.线缆连接及配置说明
  
  如图2-1所示,PC机通过串口与路由器的console端口直接相连。
  IOS软件中模式切换、上下文帮助及查看有关信息
  4.实验配置及监测结果
  
  实验环境预备就绪后,开启PC机和路由器的电源,开始进行实验。
  
  用PC机系统中的超级终端程序访问路由器,监测清单2.1记录了整个操作过程。
  
  监测清单2-1实验1的操作与命令说明
  
  Router> (用户执行模式)
  Router>enable (进入特权执行模式)
  Routed (特权执行模式提示符)
  Router#conf t (向全局配置模式切换)
  Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
  Router(config)# (全局配置模式提示符)
  Router(config)#interface ethernet 0 (进入interface配置模式)
  Router(config-if)# ( interface配置模式提示符)
  Router(config-if)#? (查看interface配置模式下的所有配置命令)
  Interface configuration commands:
  access-eXPRession Build a bridge boolean access expression
  appletalk Appletalk interface subcommands
  arp Set arp type (arpa, probe, snap) or timeout
  backup Modify backup parameters
  bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter
  bridge-group Transparent bridging interface parameters
  carrier-delay Specify delay for interface transitions
  cdp CDP interface subcommands
  cmns OSI CMNS
  ... (此处省略)
  standby Hot standby interface subcommands
  timeout Define timeout values for this interface
  traffic-shape Enable Traffic Shaping on an Interface or Sub-Interface
  transmit-interface Assign a transmit interface to a receive-only interface
  tx-ring-limit Configure PA level transmit ring limit
  
  Router(config-if)#ip add? (使用“?”查看以add开头的命令)
  address
  Router(config-if)#ip address? (使用“?”查看ip address后面的命令)
  A.B.C.D IP address
  Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 ?
  A.B.C.D IP subnet mask
  Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ?
  secondary Make this IP address a secondary address
  
  
  Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1255.255.255.0
  Router(config-if)#exit (退出interface配置模式,进入全局配置模式)
  Router(config)#? (查看全局配置模式下的所有配置命令)
  configure commands:
  aaa Authentication, Authorization and Accounting.
  access-list Add an access list entry
  alias Create command alias
  appletalk Appletalk global configuration commands
  arap Appletalk Remote Access Protocol
  arp Set a static ARP entry
  async-bootp Modify system bootp parameters
  ... (此处省略)
  tFTP-server Provide TFTP service for netload requests
  time-range Define time range entries
  usemame Establish User Name Authentication
  virtual-profile Virtual Profile configuration
  x25 X.25 Level 3
  x29 X29 commands
  
  Router(config)#exit (退出配置模式,进入特权执行模式)
  Router#? (查看特权执行模式下所有的命令)
  Exec commands:
  access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
  access-profile Apply user-profile to interface
  access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry
  archive manage archive files
  bfe For manual emergency modes setting
  cd Change current Directory
  clear Reset functions
  ... (此处省略)
  telnet Open a telnet connection
  terminal Set terminal line parameters
  test Test subsystems, memory, and interfaces
  traceroute Trace route to destination
  tunnel Open a tunnel connection
  udptn Open an udptn connection
  undebug Disable debugging functions (see also 'debug')
  verify Verify a file
  where List active connections
  write Write running configuration to memory, network, or terminal
  x28 Become an X.28 PAD
  x3 Set X.3 parameters on PAD
  
  Router#disable (退出特权执行模式,进入用户执行模式)
  Router>? (查看用户执行模式下的所有命令)
  Exec commands:
  access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
  access-profile Apply user-profile to interface
  ... (此处省略)
  udptn Open an udptn connection
  where List active connections
  x28 Become an X.28 PAD
  x3 Set X.3 parameters on PAD
  Router>show version (查看路由器的版本信息和组件信息)
  Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
  IOS(tm)2500 Software(C2500-D-L),Version 12.1(8a),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1) IOS版本信息
  Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc.
  Compiled Wed 23-May-01 01:20 by yiyan
  Image text-base: 0x0000144C, data-base: 0x00843EA8
  ROM:System Bootstrap. Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE ( ROM 版本信息)
  BOOTFlash: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), Version 10.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fcl)
  
  Router uptime is 56 minutes (本路由器的开机时间)
  System returned to ROM by power-on
  System image file is "flash:c2500-d4.121-8a.mz" ( Flash中的IOS映像文件名)
  cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision L) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. (处理器信息)
  Processor board ID 03215594, with hardware revision 00000000
  Bridging software.
  X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
  2Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 mterface(s) (路由器物理接口)
  2Serial network interface(s) (路由器物理接口)
  32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. ( NVRAM, 大小为32K )
  8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) (Flash, 8192K)
  Configuration register is 0x2102 (配置寄存器值)
  
  Router>show flash (查看Flash具体信息)
  System flash directory:
  File Length Name/status
  1 4289602 c2500-d-1.121-8a.mz
  [4289668 bytes used, 4098940 available, 8388608 total] ( Flash的已用空间、可用空间和总空间)
  8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) ( Flash的容量及状态)
  Router>
  
  上面我们用比较长的篇幅记录了路由器的模式切换、帮助使用、组件查看等操作,并对所发命令及显示结果进行了相应的说明,同时我们还看到了大量的有用信息。


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