为CentOS v6.3 安装最新版PostgreSQL

　　目前最新的CentOS 6.3中，仍然使用的是PostgreSQL 8.4版本。为了满足另一应用系统的需求，必须安装PostgreSQL 9及以上版本。本文将叙述如何使用PostgreSQL官方软件仓库和YUM工具，实现自动安装PostgeSQL 9。我使用的CentOS版本为6.3，该操作方法同样适用于使用CentOS 5, RedHat或者Fedora版本的朋友，只是需要注意下载文件时有对应的版本选择。

　　1、下载并安装PostgreSQL官方软件仓库

　　访问http://yum.pgrpms.org/repopackages.php，选择对应的操作系统版本，下载repo rpm文件。对应我的操作系统CentOS 6.3 32位版本，使用wget命令下载，操作如下：

[root@wardking ~]# wget http://yum.pgrpms.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm –2012-10-11 02:52:40–  http://yum.pgrpms.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpmResolving yum.pgrpms.org… 98.129.198.114Connecting to yum.pgrpms.org|98.129.198.114|:80… connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OKLength: 5328 (5.2K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]Saving to:  pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm  100%[==============================================================================================================================>] 5,328       24.7K/s   in 0.2s 2012-10-11 02:52:42 (24.7 KB/s) – “pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpmâ€

　　安装软件仓库

[root@wardking ~]# rpm -ivh pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpmwarning: pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEYPReparing…                ########################################### [100%]   1:pgdg-centos92          ########################################### [100%]

　　编辑CentOS-Base.repo，将目前的CentOS仓库中的版本排除

[root@wardking ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo# remarked out baseurl= line instead. [base]name=CentOS-$releasever – Basemirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6exclude=postgresql* #released updates[updates]name=CentOS-$releasever – Updatesmirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6exclude=postgresql*

　　试一下，应该可以看到最新的PostgreSQL出现在可用软件列表中：

[root@wardking ~]# yum list postgres*Loaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.btte.net * rpmforge: mirror.fairway.ne.jp * updates: mirrors.btte.netbaseextraspgdg92pgdg92/primary_dbupdatesInstalled Packagespostgresql.i686                                           8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-contrib.i686                                   8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-devel.i686                                     8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-libs.i686                                      8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-plperl.i686                                    8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-server.i686                                    8.4.13-1.el6_3Available Packagespostgresql-ip4r.i686                                      1.05-1.el6postgresql-pgpool-II.i686                                 3.2.0-1.el6postgresql-pgpool-II-devel.i686                           3.2.0-1.el6postgresql-pgpool-II-recovery.i686                        3.2.0-1.el6postgresql-plparrot.i686                                  0.04-5.el6postgresql-plruby.i686                                    0.5.3-4.el6postgresql-plruby-doc.i686                                0.5.3-4.el6postgresql-relay.i686                                     1.3-2.2.el6.rfpostgresql92.i686                                         9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-contrib.i686                                 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-debuginfo.i686                               9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-devel.i686                                   9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-docs.i686                                    9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-jdbc.i686                                    9.2.1000-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-jdbc-debuginfo.i686                          9.2.1000-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-libs.i686                                    9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-odbc.i686                                    09.01.0200-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-odbc-debuginfo.i686                          09.01.0200-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-plperl.i686                                  9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-plpython.i686                                9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-pltcl.i686                                   9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-server.i686                                  9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-tcl.i686                                     2.0.0-1.rhel6postgresql92-tcl-debuginfo.i686                           2.0.0-1.rhel6postgresql92-test.i686                                    9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6

　　将旧版本中的postgresql软件包全部删除

[root@wardking ~]# yum remove postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-devel postgresql-plperl postgrLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorSetting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies–> Running transaction check—> Package postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-libs.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased–> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5 for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686–> Processing Dependency: postgresql-libs for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686—> Package postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased–> Running transaction check—> Package libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6 will be erased–> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================================================================== Package                                        Arch                             Version======================================================================================================================Removing: postgresql                                     i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-contrib                             i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-devel                               i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-libs                                i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-plperl                              i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-server                              i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3Removing for dependencies: libdbi-dbd-pgsql                               i686                             0.8.3-5.1.el6Transaction Summary======================================================================================================================Remove        7 Package(s)Installed size: 34 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionWarning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.  Erasing    : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Erasing    : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Erasing    : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Erasing    : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Erasing    : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Erasing    : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686  Erasing    : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Verifying  : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Verifying  : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Verifying  : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Verifying  : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686  Verifying  : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Verifying  : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686  Verifying  : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686Removed:  postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3          postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3   postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13-  postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3   postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3Dependency Removed:  libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6Complete!

　　2、 开始安装最新版PostgreSQL

　　现在已经可以使用yum直接安装

yum -y install postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-plperl postgresql-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn * epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.hmc.edu * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jpSetting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies–> Running transaction check—> Package postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-libs.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed–> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================================================================== Package                                         Arch                            Version======================================================================================================================Installing: postgresql92                                    i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-contrib                            i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-libs                               i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-plperl                             i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-server                             i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6Transaction Summary======================================================================================================================Install       5 Package(s)Total download size: 5.3 MInstalled size: 21 MDownloading Packages:(1/5): postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(2/5): postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(3/5): postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(4/5): postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(5/5): postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm———————————————————————————————————————-TotalRunning rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Installing : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Installing : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Installing : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Installing : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Installing : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Verifying  : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Verifying  : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Verifying  : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Verifying  : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686  Verifying  : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686Installed:  postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6                   postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6            pos  postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6            postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6Complete!

　　3、初始化数据库并启动

　　安装操作顺利完成后，对数据库进行初始化，然后启动服务

[root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 initdbInitializing database:                                     [  OK  ][root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 startStarting postgresql-9.2 service:                           [  OK  ]

　　如果有错误信息出现，检查日志文件 /var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data/pg_log，查找线索

　　4、 配置工作环境

　　PostgreSQL数据库操作的默认账户为postgres，其操作目录为/var/lib/pgsql，配置文件.bash_profile中的默认内容为

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profilePGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/dataexport PGDATA

　　以上配置中包括了数据库所在的路径，但是没有可执行命令文件所在的目录，为操作便利，更正如下：

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profilePGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/dataexport PGDATAPATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/pgsql-9.1/binexport PATH

　　5、设置默认账户postgres的操作密码

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgrespsql (9.2.1)Type “help” for help.postgres=# alter user postgres with passWord ‘postgres’;ALTER ROLEpostgres=#

　　6、 提升postgreSQL安全

　　默认配置中，postgreSQL使用明文存储密码，非常不安全，需要修改配置文件，更改密码验证方式为md5

[root@wardking ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data/pg_hba.conf# Put your actual configuration here# ———————————-## If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more# “host” records.  In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses# configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD# “local” is for Unix domain socket connections onlylocal   all             all                                     md5# IPv4 local connections:host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5# IPv6 local connections:host    all             all             ::1/128                 md5# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the# replication privilege.#local   replication     postgres                                peer#host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32            ident#host    replication     postgres        ::1/128                 ident

　　为了使配置文件生效，必须让postgreSQL重新载入配置，有多种方式可以实现：

　　第一种方式： 直接使用命令操作

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres-bash-4.1$ pg_ctl reloadserver signaled-bash-4.1$

　　第二种方式：切换到postgres用户，通过psql命令，调用pg_reload_conf();

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgrespsql (9.1.1)Type “help” for help.postgres=# select pg_reload_conf(); pg_reload_conf—————- t(1 row)postgres=#

　　第三种方式：切换到postgres用户，同样使用psql命令，但无须登录PostgreSQL控制台

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres -c “select pg_reload_conf();”Password for user postgres: pg_reload_conf—————- t(1 row)-bash-4.1$

　　允许远程连接PostgreSQL数据库

　　PostgreSQL的主配置文件postgresql.conf位于目录/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data，其中CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION段中的配置如下

#——————————————————————————# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION#—————————————————————————— # – Connection Settings - #listen_addresses = ‘localhost’ # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to ‘localhost’, ‘*’ = all # (change requires restart)#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)

　　以上默认设置仅接受来自本地(Localhost)的连接，如果需要允许远程主机连接，需要将listen_addresses注释取消，并将localhost更改为*或者指定的网卡IP地址。此处还可以更改默认的监听端口5432

　　修改完成后，需要重新启动postgresql-9.2系统服务，重新载入配置文件后方可生效。

　　如果修改该文件导致服务无法启动，可以查看/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/pg_log文件，查找线索进行排错。

　　重新启动完成后，进入postgres用户控制台，登录数据库操作界面，可以验证更改结果

-bash-4.1$ psqlPassword:psql (9.1.1)Type “help” for help. postgres=# show listen_addresses; listen_addresses—————— *(1 row)  postgres=# show port; port—— 5432(1 row) postgres=#

原文地址：http://www.wardking.com/2012/10/%e4%b8%bacentos%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88postgresql/