C#微信公众平台开发之高级群发接口

涉及access_token的获取请参考《C#微信公众平台开发之access_token的获取存储与更新》

一、为了实现高级群发功能，需要解决的问题

1、通过微信接口上传图文消息素材时，Json中的图片不是url而是media_id，如何通过微信接口上传图片并获取图片的media_id？

2、图片存储在什么地方，如何获取？

二、实现步骤，以根据OpenID列表群发图文消息为例

1、准备数据

我把数据存储在数据库中，ImgUrl字段是图片在服务器上的相对路径(这里的服务器是自己的服务器，不是微信的哦)。

C#,微信公众平台开发

从数据库中获取数据放到DataTable中：

DataTable dt = ImgItemDal.GetImgItemTable(loginUser.OrgID, data);

2、通过微信接口上传图片，返回图片的media_id

取ImgUrl字段数据，通过MapPath方法获取图片在服务器上的物理地址，用FileStream类读取图片，并上传给微信

HTTP上传文件代码(HttpRequestUtil类)：

/// <summary>/// Http上传文件/// </summary>public static string HttpUploadFile(string url, string path){ // 设置参数 HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer(); request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer; request.AllowAutoRedirect = true; request.Method = "POST"; string boundary = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("X"); // 随机分隔线 request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data;charset=utf-8;boundary=" + boundary; byte[] itemBoundaryBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("/r/n--" + boundary + "/r/n"); byte[] endBoundaryBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("/r/n--" + boundary + "--/r/n"); int pos = path.LastIndexOf("//"); string fileName = path.Substring(pos + 1); //请求头部信息  StringBuilder sbHeader = new StringBuilder(string.Format("Content-Disposition:form-data;name=/"file/";filename=/"{0}/"/r/nContent-Type:application/octet-stream/r/n/r/n", fileName)); byte[] postHeaderBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sbHeader.ToString()); FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); byte[] bArr = new byte[fs.Length]; fs.Read(bArr, 0, bArr.Length); fs.Close(); Stream postStream = request.GetRequestStream(); postStream.Write(itemBoundaryBytes, 0, itemBoundaryBytes.Length); postStream.Write(postHeaderBytes, 0, postHeaderBytes.Length); postStream.Write(bArr, 0, bArr.Length); postStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length); postStream.Close(); //发送请求并获取相应回应数据 HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse; //直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求 Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8); //返回结果网页（html）代码 string content = sr.ReadToEnd(); return content;}

请求微信接口，上传图片，返回media_id(WXApi类)：

/// <summary>/// 上传媒体返回媒体ID/// </summary>public static string UploadMedia(string access_token, string type, string path){ // 设置参数 string url = string.Format("http://file.api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token={0}&type={1}", access_token, type); return HttpRequestUtil.HttpUploadFile(url, path);}

string msg = WXApi.UploadMedia(access_token, "image", path); // 上图片返回媒体IDstring media_id = Tools.GetJsonValue(msg, "media_id");

传入的path(aspx.cs文件中的代码)：

string path = MapPath(data);

一个图文消息由若干条图文组成，每条图文有标题、内容、链接、图片等

遍历每条图文数据，分别请求微信接口，上传图片，获取media_id

3、上传图文消息素材

拼接图文消息素材Json字符串(ImgItemDal类(操作图文消息表的类))：

/// <summary>/// 拼接图文消息素材Json字符串/// </summary>public static string GetArticlesJsonStr(PageBase page, string access_token, DataTable dt){ StringBuilder sbArticlesJson = new StringBuilder(); sbArticlesJson.Append("{/"articles/":["); int i = 0; foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows) {  string path = page.MapPath(dr["ImgUrl"].ToString());  if (!File.Exists(path))  {   return "{/"code/":0,/"msg/":/"要发送的图片不存在/"}";  }  string msg = WXApi.UploadMedia(access_token, "image", path); // 上图片返回媒体ID  string media_id = Tools.GetJsonValue(msg, "media_id");  sbArticlesJson.Append("{");  sbArticlesJson.Append("/"thumb_media_id/":/"" + media_id + "/",");  sbArticlesJson.Append("/"author/":/"" + dr["Author"].ToString() + "/",");  sbArticlesJson.Append("/"title/":/"" + dr["Title"].ToString() + "/",");  sbArticlesJson.Append("/"content_source_url/":/"" + dr["TextUrl"].ToString() + "/",");  sbArticlesJson.Append("/"content/":/"" + dr["Content"].ToString() + "/",");  sbArticlesJson.Append("/"digest/":/"" + dr["Content"].ToString() + "/",");  if (i == dt.Rows.Count - 1)  {   sbArticlesJson.Append("/"show_cover_pic/":/"1/"}");  }  else  {   sbArticlesJson.Append("/"show_cover_pic/":/"1/"},");  }  i++; } sbArticlesJson.Append("]}"); return sbArticlesJson.ToString();}

上传图文消息素材，获取图文消息的media_id：

/// <summary>/// 请求Url，发送数据/// </summary>public static string PostUrl(string url, string postData){ byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData); // 设置参数 HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer(); request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer; request.AllowAutoRedirect = true; request.Method = "POST"; request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; request.ContentLength = data.Length; Stream outstream = request.GetRequestStream(); outstream.Write(data, 0, data.Length); outstream.Close(); //发送请求并获取相应回应数据 HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse; //直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求 Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8); //返回结果网页（html）代码 string content = sr.ReadToEnd(); return content;}

/// <summary>/// 上传图文消息素材返回media_id/// </summary>public static string UploadNews(string access_token, string postData){ return HttpRequestUtil.PostUrl(string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/uploadnews?access_token={0}", access_token), postData);}

string articlesJson = ImgItemDal.GetArticlesJsonStr(this, access_token, dt);string newsMsg = WXApi.UploadNews(access_token, articlesJson);string newsid = Tools.GetJsonValue(newsMsg, "media_id");

4、群发图文消息

获取全部关注者OpenID集合(WXApi类)：

/// <summary>/// 获取关注者OpenID集合/// </summary>public static List<string> GetOpenIDs(string access_token){ List<string> result = new List<string>(); List<string> openidList = GetOpenIDs(access_token, null); result.AddRange(openidList); while (openidList.Count > 0) {  openidList = GetOpenIDs(access_token, openidList[openidList.Count - 1]);  result.AddRange(openidList); } return result;}/// <summary>/// 获取关注者OpenID集合/// </summary>public static List<string> GetOpenIDs(string access_token, string next_openid){ // 设置参数 string url = string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/get?access_token={0}&next_openid={1}", access_token, string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(next_openid) ? "" : next_openid); string returnStr = HttpRequestUtil.RequestUrl(url); int count = int.Parse(Tools.GetJsonValue(returnStr, "count")); if (count > 0) {  string startFlg = "/"openid/":[";  int start = returnStr.IndexOf(startFlg) + startFlg.Length;  int end = returnStr.IndexOf("]", start);  string openids = returnStr.Substring(start, end - start).Replace("/"", "");  return openids.Split(',').ToList<string>(); } else {  return new List<string>(); }}

List<string> openidList = WXApi.GetOpenIDs(access_token); //获取关注者OpenID列表
拼接图文消息Json(WXMsgUtil类)：

/// <summary>/// 图文消息json/// </summary>public static string CreateNewsJson(string media_id, List<string> openidList){ StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.Append("{/"touser/":["); sb.Append(string.Join(",", openidList.ConvertAll<string>(a => "/"" + a + "/"").ToArray())); sb.Append("],"); sb.Append("/"msgtype/":/"mpnews/","); sb.Append("/"mpnews/":{/"media_id/":/"" + media_id + "/"}"); sb.Append("}"); return sb.ToString();}

群发代码：

resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateNewsJson(newsid, openidList));/// <summary>/// 根据OpenID列表群发/// </summary>public static string Send(string access_token, string postData){ return HttpRequestUtil.PostUrl(string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/send?access_token={0}", access_token), postData);}

供群发按钮调用的方法(data是传到页面的id，根据它从数据库中取数据)：

/// <summary>/// 群发/// </summary>public string Send(){ string type = Request["type"]; string data = Request["data"]; string access_token = AdminUtil.GetAccessToken(this); //获取access_token List<string> openidList = WXApi.GetOpenIDs(access_token); //获取关注者OpenID列表 UserInfo loginUser = AdminUtil.GetLoginUser(this); //当前登录用户  string resultMsg = null; //发送文本 if (type == "1") {  resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateTextJson(data, openidList)); } //发送图片 if (type == "2") {  string path = MapPath(data);  if (!File.Exists(path))  {   return "{/"code/":0,/"msg/":/"要发送的图片不存在/"}";  }  string msg = WXApi.UploadMedia(access_token, "image", path);  string media_id = Tools.GetJsonValue(msg, "media_id");  resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateImageJson(media_id, openidList)); } //发送图文消息 if (type == "3") {  DataTable dt = ImgItemDal.GetImgItemTable(loginUser.OrgID, data);  string articlesJson = ImgItemDal.GetArticlesJsonStr(this, access_token, dt);  string newsMsg = WXApi.UploadNews(access_token, articlesJson);  string newsid = Tools.GetJsonValue(newsMsg, "media_id");  resultMsg = WXApi.Send(access_token, WXMsgUtil.CreateNewsJson(newsid, openidList)); } //结果处理 if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resultMsg)) {  string errcode = Tools.GetJsonValue(resultMsg, "errcode");  string errmsg = Tools.GetJsonValue(resultMsg, "errmsg");  if (errcode == "0")  {   return "{/"code/":1,/"msg/":/"/"}";  }  else  {   return "{/"code/":0,/"msg/":/"errcode:"    + errcode + ", errmsg:"    + errmsg + "/"}";  } } else {  return "{/"code/":0,/"msg/":/"type参数错误/"}"; }}

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