Android使用AIDL实现两个App间通信

2019-10-22 18:12:51

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今天开发了一个功能，通过Android的AIDL机制完成两个app间的通信。功能需求很简单，一个客户端app，叫做client，一个服务端app叫orderManager；客户端负责展示订单列表，并且可以向服务端添加订单；服务端负责管理订单，可以对外提供订单信息。

闲言少叙，下面直接上代码。

1、编写bean类。

首先在client中定义OrderBean类，字段很简单，注意需要实现Parcelable接口：

package com.example.wang.client.bean;import android.os.Parcel;import android.os.Parcelable;public class OrderBean implements Parcelable{ private String id; private String name; private int amount; public OrderBean(){} public OrderBean(String id, String name, int amount) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.amount = amount; } protected OrderBean(Parcel in) { id = in.readString(); name = in.readString(); amount = in.readInt(); } public static final Creator<OrderBean> CREATOR = new Creator<OrderBean>() { @Override public OrderBean createFromParcel(Parcel in) {  return new OrderBean(in); } @Override public OrderBean[] newArray(int size) {  return new OrderBean[size]; } }; @Override public int describeContents() { return 0; } @Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { dest.writeString(id); dest.writeString(name); dest.writeInt(amount); } //get/set方法略}

2、定义aidl文件。aidl文件的存放位置在Android Studio中一般存放在如下路径：
client/src/aidl/…

 // OrderBean.aidlpackage com.example.wang.client.bean;//存放的包路径同bean类parcelable OrderBean;//通信用到的Parcelable需要声明，并且使用小写的parcelable// IBookManager.aidlpackage com.example.wang.client.aidl;import com.example.wang.client.bean.OrderBean;//除了系统提供的对象，都需要明确导入interface IOrderManager { List<OrderBean> getAll(); void add(in OrderBean bean);}

3、定义布局文件，编写MainActivity。这个很简单，Button和RecyclerView结合即可：

#activity_main.xml - 主页面布局<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" android:layout_marginTop="5dp" android:text="订单管理" android:textSize="20dp"/> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:padding="5dp"> <Button  android:id="@+id/search_button"  android:layout_width="wrap_content"  android:layout_height="wrap_content"  android:textSize="15dp"  android:text="刷新订单"/> <Button  android:id="@+id/add_button"  android:layout_width="wrap_content"  android:layout_height="wrap_content"  android:textSize="15dp"  android:text="添加订单"/> </LinearLayout> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:id="@+id/recyclerView" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /></LinearLayout>

还要写一个item_order.xml,用于RecyclerView的展示，很简单，此处略过。

//MainActivity.javapackage com.example.wang.client;...public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{ private List<OrderBean> orderList; private IOrderManager orderManager; //UI private Button search_button; private Button add_button; private RecyclerView recyclerView; private OrderAdapter adapter; ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {//这个最重要，用于连接Service @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {  Log.i("MainActivity.conn","@@ onServiceConnected name="+name);  IOrderManager manager = IOrderManager.Stub.asInterface(service);  orderManager = manager;  refreshOrderList();  try {  service.linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);  } catch (RemoteException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  } } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {  Log.i("MainActivity.conn","@@ onServiceDisconnected name="+name); } }; IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() {//注册一个死亡代理，监测连接状态 @Override public void binderDied() {  Log.i("MainActivity","@@ binderDied "+(orderManager==null));  if(orderManager==null){  return;  }  orderManager.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);  orderManager = null;  //重新绑定  bindOrderService(); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Log.i("MainActivity","@@ onCreate"); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); getLayoutInflater(); //view search_button=findViewById(R.id.search_button); add_button=findViewById(R.id.add_button); recyclerView=findViewById(R.id.recyclerView); //组装recyclerView LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager=new LinearLayoutManager(this); linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL); recyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager); adapter=new OrderAdapter(this); recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter); //onclick search_button.setOnClickListener(this); add_button.setOnClickListener(this); //bind bindOrderService(); } private void bindOrderService(){ Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.wang.ordermanager.OrderService"); intent.setPackage("com.example.wang.ordermanager"); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } /** * 重新获取数据并刷新列表。 */ private void refreshOrderList(){ try {  if(orderManager!=null){  orderList = orderManager.getAll();  }  if(orderList!=null){  adapter.setData(orderList);  adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();  } } catch (RemoteException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(v==search_button){  //刷新订单  refreshOrderList(); }else if(v==add_button){  //增加订单  try {  OrderBean orderBean=new OrderBean();  Random random=new Random();  orderBean.setAmount(random.nextInt(800)+100);  orderBean.setId(random.nextInt(100000000)+100000+"");  orderBean.setName("玩具"+random.nextInt());  orderManager.add(orderBean);  refreshOrderList();  } catch (RemoteException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  } } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); unbindService(conn); }}

4、编写服务端代码

这里主要做两件事，第一个是移植aidl文件和bean类，将client中的aidl文件和OrderBean移植过来，文件路径要保持一致，第二个是编写OrderService.java类。

//OrderService.javapackage com.example.wang.ordermanager;...public class OrderService extends Service{ private CopyOnWriteArrayList<OrderBean> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(); @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Log.i("OrderService","@@ onCreate"); } @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Log.i("OrderService","@@ onBind"); return binder; } Binder binder = new IOrderManager.Stub(){ @Override public List<OrderBean> getAll() throws RemoteException {  return list; } @Override public void add(OrderBean bean) throws RemoteException {  list.add(bean); } };}

OrderService服务在AndroidManifest.xml中的配置如下：

<service android:name=".OrderService"  android:enabled="true"  android:exported="true">  <intent-filter>  <action android:name="com.example.wang.ordermanager.OrderService"/>  <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />  </intent-filter> </service>

代码编写就完成了，运行时需要先运行服务端app，再运行client，如果运行过程中OrderService服务断掉了，client会通过死亡代理得到通知，再重新绑定即可。

运行如下：

Android,AIDL,App,通信