Linux下Tomcat+Nginx服务器环境安装配置的简明教程

一、安装
1.安装JDK
下载的jdk文件为：jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin，执行如下命令进行安装：

#./jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin

2.安装tomcat：

#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.29 tomcat

这里我将解压后的apache-tomcat-6.0.29重命名为了tomcat方便操作。

3.配置环境变量：
编辑/etc下的profile文件，加上如下内容：

JAVA_HOME="/opt/app/jdk1.6.0_45"CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib"PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"CATALINA_HOME="/opt/app/tomcat"export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME

执行下面命令使变更生效：

# source /etc/profile

启动tomcat并输入http://domain:8080，如果看到猫的页面即tomcat和jdk安装成功
新建文件目录/home/www为网站存放目录，设置server.xml文件，在Host name=”localhost”处将appBase=的指向路径改为/home/www/web
创建index.jsp至/home/www/web/ROOT，内容为：“hello!” 重新启动tomcat，重新访问，如果看到index.jsp文件内容hello！表示设置成功。

4.安装Nginx
执行如下命令解压nginx：

# tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz# mv nginx-1.4.4 nginx

同样重命名了一下。
安装nginx：

# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx

结果出现了错误：error: C compiler cc is not found，按网上所说安装编译源码所需的工具和库：

#yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl

再次安装，发现还有错误：the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
执行

# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

终于成功，

# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx# make# make install

nginx安装成功后的安装目录为/opt/app/nginx

二、Nginx方面的配置
在/usr/local/目录下分别安装nginx和tomcat
为nginx添加conf.d目录，用于各项目的配置，比如新建renhetoutiao.conf文件

server {  listen   80;  server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;  root    /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;  access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;   location = / {    rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;  }   location ~ .shtml {    proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;    proxy_set_header  Host  $host;    proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;    proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  }   location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {    expires 1h;  }}server {  listen   80;  server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;  root    /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;  access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;   location = / {    rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;  }   location ~ .shtml {    proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;    proxy_set_header  Host  $host;    proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;    proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  }   location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {    expires 1h;  }}

对nginx的conf/nginx.conf修改，第二行 user root，赋予nginx root权限，在http中添加 include /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
选择一个项目如renhetoutiao, 目录/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/

三、Tomcat方面的配置
catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml server.xml web.xml
这5个配置文件就可以启动一个tomcat实例，其中server.xml是必须配置的。
catalina.policy catalina.properties web.xml 可以使用默认的，可以从安装路径copy,context.xml tomcat-users.xml可以不用。
所以每个项目我们只需要配置server.xml, 如renhetoutiao项目的配置

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"    SSLEngine="on" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />   <Service name="Catalina">     <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">      <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">        <Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />      </Host>    </Engine>  </Service></Server><?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"    SSLEngine="on" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />   <Service name="Catalina">     <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">      <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">        <Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />      </Host>    </Engine>  </Service></Server>

因为使用nginx，tomcat的ajp不会使用，所以可以去掉，tomcat可以这样简单配置。注意每个项目的连接端口和关闭端口，不要有重复。
因为tomcat回去加载指定路径下得class lib，所以必须把配置、依赖等copy至web下，启动脚本bin/startup，关闭脚本bin/shutdown 如下:

#!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" #启动为适配tomcat目录做的准备#迁移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xmlif [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then  cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conffi if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then    cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conffi if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then    cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conffi if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then mkdir logsfi #准备classes和lib目录CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classesLIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/librm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH" #启动时会记录进程ID，存放于logs/tomcat.pid内#shutdown时强制关闭该进程$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh

#!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" #启动为适配tomcat目录做的准备#迁移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xmlif [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then  cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conffi if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then    cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conffi if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then    cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conffi if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then mkdir logsfi #准备classes和lib目录CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classesLIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/librm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH"#启动时会记录进程ID，存放于logs/tomcat.pid内#shutdown时强制关闭该进程$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh

#!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh#!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh

通过tomcat的startup.sh脚本,会碰到项目中分配的线程没有及时释放，tomcat不能及时关闭，导致重启时产生端口冲突
解决方案：强制关闭tomcat进程，kill -9 PID，执行脚本需要启动时记录各个tomcat实例的进程，这里将进程PID保存在项目的logs目录下。
记录PID的操作需要修改tomcat安装目录下 bin/catalina.sh脚本
在PRGDIR=dirname "$PRG"后面加上

TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid"if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then  CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then  CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"fiTOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid"if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then  CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then  CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"fi

最后需要给项目用户可执行权限 chmod 777 catalina.sh