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Docker定制容器镜像的2种方法(推荐)

2024-09-01 13:50:40
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一、需求

由于在测试环境中使用了docker官网的centos 镜像,但是该镜像里面默认没有安装ssh服务,在做测试时又需要开启ssh。所以上网也查了查资料。下面详细的纪录下。在centos 容器内安装ssh后,转成新的镜像用于后期测试使用。

docker,容器制作镜像,容器创建镜像,容器生成镜像

二、镜像定制

第一种方式(手动修改容器镜像)

1.先下载centos镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos

2.启动容器并进行配置

启动容器,

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -d --name test-centos1 centosd72250ecaa5e3e36226a1edd749f494d9f00eddc4143c81ac3565aa4e551791a

命令注释:-it : 进行交互式操作

     -d : 等同于 -d=true,容器将会在后台运行,不然执行一次命令后,退出后,便是exit状态了。

     --name : 容器启动后的名字,默认不指定,将会随机产生一个名字。或者使用 -name="containers_name"

     centos:使用的镜像名称

进入容器,安装ssh server,以及配置开机启动

[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it test-centos1 /bin/bash[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# ifconfigbash: ifconfig: command not found

注:命令最后参数 /bin/bash: 指进入容器时执行的命令(command)

我们检查了下容器,暂时安装以下必用的软件吧 net-tools,openssh-server

[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# yum install openssh-server net-tools -y

创建ssh 所需的目录,并在根目录创建sshd 启动脚本

[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# mkdir -pv /var/run/sshdmkdir: created directory '/var/run/sshd'[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# cat /auto_sshd.sh #!/bin/bash/usr/sbin/sshd -D[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# chmod +x /auto_sshd.sh 

修改容器内root 的账户密码

[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# echo "root:iloveworld" | chpasswd 

生成ssh 主机dsa 密钥(不然ssh 该容器时,会出现错误。)

[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key[root@d72250ecaa5e /]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

我们加一个history记录的时间功能吧,这样方便后期查看

echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/profile

OK,配置基本完毕咯。清理命令历史纪录,之后退出容器。现在可以生成一个新的docker 镜像了。

 3.配置完成后,进行打包成新的镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker commit test-centos1 centos_sshd:7.0sha256:6e3330b30dfff5f029f102874e54cfffffbc37dcf2a4eb7304c817148fbc944d[root@docker ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZEcentos_sshd         7.0         6e3330b30dff    8 seconds ago    310.1 MBdocker.io/ubuntu       latest       e4415b714b62    12 days ago     128.1 MB

命令注释:commit: 提交一个具有新配置的容器成为镜像,后面跟容器的name 或者容器Id ,最后是生成新镜像的名字

更新:这条命令更方便以后启动,如下:

[root@docker ~]# docker commit --change='CMD ["/auto_sshd.sh"]' -c "EXPOSE 22" test-centos1 centos_sshd:7.0sha256:7bb4efd82c4ff1f241cbc57ee45aab1b05d214b1e9fcd51196696c67d480e70b

命令注释: --change : 将后期使用此镜像运行容器时的命令参数、开放的容器端口提前设置好。

4.验证

查看镜像,并启动新的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZEcentos_sshd         7.0         7bb4efd82c4f    4 minutes ago    310.1 MBdocker.io/ubuntu       latest       e4415b714b62    12 days ago     128.1 MB[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it --name centos_7.0-1 centos_sshd:7.0ec17e553d5c4c60865afeb99df8dfd1f4e7d4ba6e1b0d5516f9127f09d1d6356[root@docker ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID    IMAGE           COMMAND         CREATED       STATUS      PORTS     NAMESec17e553d5c4    centos_sshd:7.0      "/auto_sshd.sh"     6 seconds ago    Up 5 seconds   22/tcp     centos_7.0-1

进行ssh测试,先查看一下该容器的ip,之后ssh。ok

[root@docker ~]# docker exec centos_7.0-1 hostname -i172.17.0.4[root@docker ~]# ssh root@172.17.0.4The authenticity of host '172.17.0.4 (172.17.0.4)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is 87:88:07:12:ac:0a:90:28:10:e1:9e:eb:1f:d6:c9:9d.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '172.17.0.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.root@172.17.0.4's password: Last login: Tue Nov 29 16:00:49 2016 from gateway[root@ec17e553d5c4 ~]# w   16:34:17 up 63 days, 7:49, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.05USER   TTY   FROM       LOGIN@  IDLE  JCPU  PCPU WHATroot   pts/0  gateway     16:34  1.00s 0.00s 0.00s w[root@ec17e553d5c4 ~]# ping gatewayPING gateway (172.17.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from gateway (172.17.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms

第二种方式(推荐:利用Dockerfile文件)

我的认为它就像ansible的playbook一样。Dockerfile包含创建镜像所需要的全部指令。基于在Dockerfile中的指令,我们可以使用Docker build命令来创建镜像。通过减少镜像和容器的创建过程来简化部署。

1.创建Dockerfile文件

新建一个目录,在里面新建一个dockerfile文件(新建一个的目录,主要是为了和以防和其它dockerfile混乱 )

[root@docker ~]# mkdir centos7-dockerfile[root@docker centos7-dockerfile]# cat Dockerfile # The dockerfile has Change add sshd services on Centos7.0#centos7:latest imageFROM centos:latestMAINTAINER Yifeng,http://www.cnblogs.com/hanyifeng#Install sshd net-toolsRUN yum install openssh-server net-tools -yRUN mkdir /var/run/sshd#Set password for rootRUN echo 'root:iloveworld' | chpasswdRUN sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config#Set history recordENV HISTTIMEFORMAT "%F %T "#Fix sshd service:Read from socket failed: Connection reset by peer?RUN ssh-keygen -A#Change timezone CSTRUN /cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime#Open 22 portEXPOSE 22#Auto running sshd serviceCMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd","-D"]

上述文件内容就是一个dockerfile 常见的命令组合。开头带#号的为注释

文件解释:

FROM: 必不可少的命令,从某个镜像作为基。如 FROM <image_name> ,或者 FROM <image_name>:<tag>. 如果不加tag,默认为latest。先从本地镜像仓库去搜索基镜像,如过本地没有,在去网上docker registry去寻找。

MAINTAINER:标明该Dockerfile作者及联系方式,可忽略不写

RUN:建立新的镜像时,可以执行在系统里的命令,如安装特定的软件以及设置环境变量。

ENV:设置系统环境变量(注意:写在/etc/profile里的命令在dockerfile这里会不生效,所以为改成ENV的方式)

EXPOSE:开放容器内的端口,但不和宿主机进行映射。方便在宿主机上进行开发测试。(如需映射到宿主机端口,可在运行容器时使用 -p host_port:container_port)

CMD:设置执行的命令,经常用于容器启动时指定的某个操作。如执行自定义脚本服务,或者是执行系统命令。CMD 只能存在一条,如在Dockerfile中有多条CMD的话,只有最后一条CMD生效!

2.执行build 创建镜像

使用docker build命令来创建镜像

[root@docker centos7-dockerfile]# docker build -t centos_sshd_1 .

 -t 选项来docker build新的镜像以便于标记构建的镜像,. 表示当前目录,也可以指定dockerfile 文件所在目录。

下面缩略的内容是构建镜像时的输出,可以看下。

[root@docker centos7-dockerfile]# docker build -t centos_sshd_1 .Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096 kBStep 1 : FROM centos:latest ---> 0584b3d2cf6dStep 2 : MAINTAINER Yifeng,http://www.cnblogs.com/hanyifeng ---> Running in da643b55dc77 ---> 1087074d44e4Removing intermediate container da643b55dc77Step 3 : RUN yum install openssh-server net-tools -y ---> Running in 5626d8f0f892Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovlDetermining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.btte.net * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.btte.netResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7 will be installed---> Package openssh-server.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-25.el7_2 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: openssh = 6.6.1p1-25.el7_2 for package: openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: fipscheck-lib(x86-64) >= 1.3.0 for package: openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libwrap.so.0()(64bit) for package: openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libfipscheck.so.1()(64bit) for package: openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package fipscheck-lib.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/fipscheck for package: fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64---> Package openssh.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-25.el7_2 will be installed---> Package tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package fipscheck.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package       Arch   Version            Repository Size================================================================================Installing: net-tools      x86_64  2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7    base    304 k openssh-server    x86_64  6.6.1p1-25.el7_2        updates  436 kInstalling for dependencies: fipscheck      x86_64  1.4.1-5.el7          base    21 k fipscheck-lib    x86_64  1.4.1-5.el7          base    11 k openssh       x86_64  6.6.1p1-25.el7_2        updates  435 k tcp_wrappers-libs  x86_64  7.6-77.el7           base    66 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install 2 Packages (+4 Dependent packages)Total download size: 1.2 MInstalled size: 3.4 MDownloading packages:Public key for fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installedwarning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEYPublic key for openssh-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64.rpm is not installed--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                       593 kB/s | 1.2 MB 00:02   Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid   : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>" Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package  : centos-release-7-2.1511.el7.centos.2.10.x86_64 (@CentOS) From    : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : fipscheck-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64                 1/6  Installing : fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64               2/6  Installing : openssh-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64               3/6  Installing : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64             4/6  Installing : openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64            5/6  Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64          6/6  Verifying : openssh-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64               1/6  Verifying : openssh-server-6.6.1p1-25.el7_2.x86_64            2/6  Verifying : net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64          3/6  Verifying : tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-77.el7.x86_64             4/6  Verifying : fipscheck-lib-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64               5/6  Verifying : fipscheck-1.4.1-5.el7.x86_64                 6/6 Installed: net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7                   openssh-server.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-25.el7_2                   Dependency Installed: fipscheck.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7    fipscheck-lib.x86_64 0:1.4.1-5.el7    openssh.x86_64 0:6.6.1p1-25.el7_2  tcp_wrappers-libs.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7  Complete! ---> 7b249ed8cb54Removing intermediate container 5626d8f0f892Step 4 : RUN mkdir /var/run/sshd ---> Running in fc94a139d438 ---> ea2826eccc91Removing intermediate container fc94a139d438Step 5 : RUN echo 'root:iloveworld' | chpasswd ---> Running in ba53283081a7 ---> 7ce1ddb5d9c0Removing intermediate container ba53283081a7Step 6 : RUN sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config ---> Running in 4112281a5bf0 ---> be21fb6b5b1eRemoving intermediate container 4112281a5bf0Step 7 : ENV HISTTIMEFORMAT "%F %T " ---> Running in f2081726e403 ---> f3fafca42170Removing intermediate container f2081726e403Step 8 : RUN ssh-keygen -A ---> Running in 2ca9e743dee7ssh-keygen: generating new host keys: RSA1 RSA DSA ECDSA ED25519  ---> 1a927943bee7Removing intermediate container 2ca9e743dee7Step 9 : RUN /cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime ---> Running in afd43cc6d4d6 ---> 4a0cacf6cd72Removing intermediate container afd43cc6d4d6Step 10 : EXPOSE 22 ---> Running in a03551bc3bcb ---> 3af544106bf4Removing intermediate container a03551bc3bcbStep 11 : CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D ---> Running in f45fe5eb5561 ---> d4620c9949b8Removing intermediate container f45fe5eb5561Successfully built d4620c9949b8

3.查看镜像列表,并创建容器

[root@docker centos7-dockerfile]# docker imagesREPOSITORY                   TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZEcentos_sshd_1                 latest       d4620c9949b8    4 minutes ago    308.4 MBcentos_sshd                  7.0         7bb4efd82c4f    2 days ago     310.1 MB

我们刚刚新建的容器已经存在了,现在用它来创建容器

[root@docker centos7-dockerfile]# docker run -d -it --name centos-two centos_sshd_17ae51091c138d249b5e97f6957073e748db278c0f1cf856e968ca78a4aec1a5b

查看容器

[root@docker centos7-dockerfile]# docker ps  CONTAINER ID    IMAGE          COMMAND        CREATED       STATUS       PORTS       NAMES7ae51091c138    centos_sshd_1      "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"  16 seconds ago   Up 15 seconds    22/tcp      centos-two

可以看到容器的command 就是我们之前定义启动ssh 服务的,并且开放了22端口。

现在我们在宿主机上查看下该容器的ip,然后用ssh 链接进去。

[root@docker ~]# docker exec centos-two hostname -I172.17.0.7[root@docker ~]# ssh root@172.17.0.7The authenticity of host '172.17.0.7 (172.17.0.7)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is 7a:38:69:d7:5e:f4:db:e8:3c:ea:92:a4:1a:a1:7b:9a.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '172.17.0.7' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.root@172.17.0.7's password: [root@7ae51091c138 ~]# w 11:19:34 up 65 days, 18:34, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.04, 0.05USER   TTY   FROM       LOGIN@  IDLE  JCPU  PCPU WHATroot   pts/0  gateway     11:19  6.00s 0.00s 0.00s w

OK。上述就是定义镜像的两种方式,如果还有其它更为方便的还望不吝赐教哈。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持VEVB武林网。


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