YUM解决RPM包安装依赖关系及yum工具介绍本地源配置方法详解

[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.conf [main] --main定义全局属性，只能有一个 cachedir=/var/cache/yum --定义yum缓存目录，用于储存下载存储的rpm包等keepcache=0 --成功安装后，缓存数据是否保存。0：不保存，1：保存 debuglevel=2 --调试级别（0-10），默认为2logfile=/var/log/yum.log --定义yum日志目录distroverpkg=redhat-release --通过指定针对系统发行版的rpm包，判断当前系统的版本。默认值为redhat-releasetolerant=1 --定义是否容忍命令行发生与软件包有关的错误。0：不容忍，1：容忍exactarch=1 --定义当更新rpm包时，yum是否仅仅升级当前架构的包。 --当设置为1，不会发生i386包升级到i686obsoletes=1gpgcheck=1 --定义是否对rpm包进行GPG校验。0：不校验，1：校验plugins=1 --定义是否使用插件。0：不允许，1：允许 # Default.# installonly_limit = 3# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo# in /etc/yum.repos.d

[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# cat rhel-debuginfo.repo [rhel-debuginfo]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debugbaseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/enabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

--安装gcc-c++包，提示因为依赖关系缺少包而无法安装--若采用手工安装，在安装提示的rpm包过程中，可能还存在其他需要的依赖关系包[root@sunny Desktop]# rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64.rpm warning: gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186error: Failed dependencies:gcc = 4.1.2-52.el5 is needed by gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64libstdc++-devel = 4.1.2-52.el5 is needed by gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64--下面开始通过配置本地源yum的方法从镜像光盘安装--查看文件系统，此时未挂载cdrom[root@sunny ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol0016G 6.1G 8.7G 42% //dev/sda1 99M 13M 81M 14% /boottmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm--创建cdrom的挂载点目录--挂载点目录名随意，此处作者创建目录名为cdrom的目录作为挂载点[root@sunny ~]# mkdir /cdrom--挂载cdrom，并查看挂载情况[root@sunny ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /cdrom[root@sunny ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol0016G 6.1G 8.7G 42% //dev/sda1 99M 13M 81M 14% /boottmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm/dev/sr0 3.9G 3.9G 0 100% /cdrom--进入cdrom目录，确定rpm包的位置--需要注意，rpm包所在的目录绝对路径将作为后面yum的url源路径[root@sunny Server]# pwd/cdrom/Server--创建filename.repo文件，此处作者定义filename.repo名为newyum.repo--需要注意，由于是baseurl以及gpgkey均是本地位置，因此采用file://协议--需要注意，file://后面是文件所在的绝对路径，因此file://后面会以/开头，因此是file:///（三个/）[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/newyum.repo [redhatcdrom]name=local resource baseurl=fill:///cdrom/Serverenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release--查询此时可用的软件仓库，显示刚刚配置的库可用[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# yum repolistLoaded plugins: katello, product-id, security, subscription-managerUpdating certificate-based repositories.Unable to read consumer identityredhatcdrom | 1.5 kB 00:00 redhatcdrom/primary | 920 kB 00:00 redhatcdrom 3285/3285repo id repo name statusredhatcdrom local resource 3,285repolist: 3,285--利用yum安装刚才的gcc-c++包--可以看到，安装过程中，yum处理了依赖关系，并将相应的包进行了安装[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc-c++ -yLoaded plugins: katello, product-id, security, subscription-managerUpdating certificate-based repositories.Unable to read consumer identityredhatcdrom | 1.5 kB 00:00 redhatcdrom/primary | 920 kB 00:00 redhatcdrom 3285/3285Setting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel = 4.1.2-52.el5 for package: gcc-c++--> Processing Dependency: gcc = 4.1.2-52.el5 for package: gcc-c++--> Running transaction check---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updatedredhatcdrom/filelists | 2.8 MB 00:00 --> Running transaction check---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.5-81 for package: glibc-devel--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel--> Running transaction check---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-81 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers--> Running transaction check---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.18-308.el5 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================================================Installing:gcc-c++ x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 redhatcdrom 3.8 MInstalling for dependencies:gcc x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 redhatcdrom 5.3 Mglibc-devel x86_64 2.5-81 redhatcdrom 2.4 Mglibc-headers x86_64 2.5-81 redhatcdrom 596 kkernel-headers x86_64 2.6.18-308.el5 redhatcdrom 1.4 Mlibstdc++-devel x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 redhatcdrom 2.8 MTransaction Summary======================================================================================Install 6 Package(s)Upgrade 0 Package(s)Total download size: 16 MIs this ok [y/N]: Exiting on user CommandComplete!--查询安装结果，确定安装完成。[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# yum list gcc-c*Loaded plugins: katello, product-id, security, subscription-managerUpdating certificate-based repositories.Unable to read consumer identityInstalled Packagesgcc-c++.x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 installed