SQL Server 总结复习 （二）

复制代码 代码如下:

--所有数据
SELECT * FROM dbo.student AS a INNER JOIN dbo.ScoreTB AS b ON a.Id = b.stuid
WHERE scorename = '语文'
-------------------------------------------
--ROW_NUMBER() 的使用 生成列从1开始依次增加
-------------------------------------------
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY B.SCORE DESC) AS ROWNUMBER ,A.NAME, B.SCORE, a.Id
FROM dbo.student AS a INNER JOIN dbo.ScoreTB AS b ON a.Id = b.stuid
WHERE scorename = '语文'
--也可以在后面再加一个order by，则表示前面生成后的全部列又被以最后的列重新排列（排名列值不变）
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY B.SCORE DESC) AS ROWNUMBER ,A.NAME, B.SCORE, a.Id
FROM dbo.student AS a INNER JOIN dbo.ScoreTB AS b ON a.Id = b.stuid
WHERE scorename = '语文' ORDER BY a.Id
--要在分组统计后使用排名函数，则先进行分组，用cte或嵌套查询表整出结果集，再用row_number函数处理
WITH b AS
(
SELECT stuid, SUM(score) AS score FROM ScoreTB GROUP BY stuid
)
SELECT * ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY b.score desc) AS rownumer
FROM dbo.student AS a INNER JOIN b ON a.id = b.stuid
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--RANK() 用法与ROW_NUMER函数想同，只是在出现order by同级时，排名会设置成一样，而下一个会根据之前的记录数生成序号
--例如前面三个是一样的，那么都是1，下一个则是4，示例略
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--DENSE_RANK() 密集排名 用法与ROW_NUMER、RANK函数相同，只是在生成序号时是连续的，而rank函数生成的序号有可能不连续
--例如前面三个是一样的，那么都是1，下一个则是2，示例略
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--ntile函数可以对序号进行分组处理。这就相当于将查询出来的记录集放到指定长度的数组中，每一个数组元素存放一定数量的记录。
--为每条记录生成的序号就是这条记录所有的数组元素的索引（从1开始）。也可以将每一个分配记录的数组元素称为“桶”。
--它有一个参数，用来指定桶数，例如
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT ntile(2) OVER (ORDER BY B.SCORE DESC) AS GROUPID ,A.NAME, ISNULL(B.SCORE,0) SCORE, a.Id
FROM dbo.student AS a LEFT JOIN dbo.ScoreTB AS b ON a.Id = b.stuid AND scorename = '语文'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--PARTITION BY 类似于向排名函数应用一个group by，分组后对每一个组单独排名
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--统计各个学科的排名依次为：
SELECT RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY b.scorename ORDER BY B.SCORE DESC) AS ROWNUMBER,b.scorename,
b.score, A.NAME, a.Id FROM dbo.student AS a INNER JOIN dbo.ScoreTB AS b ON a.Id = b.stuid ORDER BY SCORENAME

复制代码 代码如下:

DECLARE @num INT = 101
SELECT TOP (@num) * FROM Student ORDER BY Id --必须用括号括起来
SELECT TOP (@num) percent * FROM Student ORDER BY Id --只接受float并且1-100之间的数，如果传入其他则会报错

复制代码 代码如下:

View Code
--准备数据
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Student](
[Id] [int] NULL,
[Name] [varchar](50) NULL
)
go
INSERT INTO dbo.Student VALUES (1, '张三')
INSERT INTO dbo.Student VALUES (2, '李斯')
INSERT INTO dbo.Student VALUES (3, '王五')
INSERT INTO dbo.Student VALUES (4, '神人')
go
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[scoretb](
[stuId] [int] NULL,
[scorename] [varchar](50) NULL,
[score] INT NULL
)
go
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (1,'语文',22)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (1,'数学',32)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (1,'外语',42)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (2,'语文',52)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (2,'数学',62)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (2,'外语',72)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (3,'语文',82)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (3,'数学',92)
INSERT INTO [scoretb] VALUES (3,'外语',72)
--创建表值函数
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fGetScore](@stuid int)
RETURNS @score TABLE
(
[stuId] [int] NULL,
[scorename] [varchar](50) NULL,
[score] INT NULL
)
as
BEGIN
INSERT INTO @score
SELECT stuid,scorename,score FROM dbo.scoretb WHERE stuId = @stuid
RETURN;
END
GO
--开始使用
SELECT A.id,A.name,B.scorename,B.score FROM [Student] A
CROSS APPLY [dbo].[fGetScore](A.Id) B --相当于inner join效果
SELECT A.id,A.name,B.scorename,B.score FROM [Student] A
OUTER APPLY [dbo].[fGetScore](A.Id) B --相当于left join效果
--而不能这样使用
--SELECT A.id,A.name,B.scorename,B.score FROM [Student] A
-- INNER JOIN [dbo].[fGetScore](A.Id) B ON A.Id = B.stuid
-- SELECT A.id,A.name,B.scorename,B.score FROM [Student] A
-- INNER JOIN (SELECT * FROM [dbo].[fGetScore](A.Id)) B ON A.Id = B.stuid

复制代码 代码如下: