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使用nginx模拟进行蓝绿部署的方式

2024-08-30 12:30:08
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这篇文章介绍一下蓝绿部署以及使用nginx如何最简单地模拟一下蓝绿部署的方式

蓝绿部署

蓝绿部署的重点在于如下特点

  • 1. 蓝色版本和绿色版本同时存在
  • 2. 实际运行的环境为蓝或则绿,只能为其中之一,通过开关控制

优点和缺点分析:优点在于它的速度和回滚。而缺点也显而易见。可以快速回滚是因为有两套环境同时存在的缘故,所以复杂度和需要的资源会增多,因为其有两套环境。 
另外虽然速度有所提高,但是在实现的过程中,开关的控制,无论多快的切换速度,如果不结合其他的技术,还是无法做到完全无缝切换。

模拟蓝绿部署

接下来我们使用nginx的upstream来简单模拟一下蓝绿部署的场景。具体场景如下, 当前活跃的是蓝色版本,通过调整nginx设定,将绿色版本设定为当前活跃版本。

nginx,模拟,蓝绿部署

事前准备

事前在7001/7002两个端口分别启动两个服务,用于显示不同信息,为了演示方便,使用tornado做了一个镜像,通过docker容器启动时传递的参数不同用于显示服务的不同。

docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"

执行日志

[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"70c74dc8e43d5635983f7240deb63a3fc0599d5474454c3bc5197aa5c0017348[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"6c5c2ea322d4ac17b90feefb96e3194ec8adecedaa4c944419316a2e4bf07117[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7001Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7002Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002[root@kong ~]#

启动nginx

[root@kong ~]# docker run -p 9080:80 --name nginx-blue-green -d nginxd3b7098c44890c15918dc47616b67e5e0eb0da7a443eac266dbf26d55049216a[root@kong ~]# docker ps |grep nginx-blue-greend3b7098c4489    nginx           "nginx -g 'daemon ..."  10 seconds ago    Up 9 seconds    0.0.0.0:9080->80/tcp   nginx-blue-green[root@kong ~]#

nginx代码段

准备如下nginx代码段将其添加到nginx的/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中, 模拟方式很简单,通过down来表示流量为零(nginx中无法将weight设置为零),开始的时候100%的流量都发到蓝色版本。

http {upstream nginx_blug_green {  server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;  server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;}server {  listen    80;  server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;  location / {    proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;  }}

修改default.conf的方法

可以通过在容器中安装vim达到效果,也可以在本地修改然后通过docker cp传入,或者直接sed修改都可。如果在容器中安装vim,使用如下方式即可

[root@kong ~]# docker exec -it nginx-lb sh# apt-get update...省略# apt-get install vim...省略

修改前

# cat default.confserver {  listen    80;  server_name localhost;  #charset koi8-r;  #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;  location / {    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;    index index.html index.htm;  }  #error_page 404       /404.html;  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  #  error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  location = /50x.html {    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;  }  # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80  #  #location ~ /.php$ {  #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;  #}  # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  #  #location ~ /.php$ {  #  root      html;  #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;  #  fastcgi_index index.php;  #  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;  #  include    fastcgi_params;  #}  # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  # concurs with nginx's one  #  #location ~ //.ht {  #  deny all;  #}}#

修改后

# cat default.confupstream nginx_blug_green {  server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;  server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;}server {  listen    80;  server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;  #charset koi8-r;  #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;  location / {    #root  /usr/share/nginx/html;    #index index.html index.htm;    proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;  }  #error_page 404       /404.html;  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  #  error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  location = /50x.html {    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;  }  # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80  #  #location ~ /.php$ {  #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;  #}  # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  #  #location ~ /.php$ {  #  root      html;  #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;  #  fastcgi_index index.php;  #  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;  #  include    fastcgi_params;  #}  # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  # concurs with nginx's one  #  #location ~ //.ht {  #  deny all;  #}}#

重新加载nginx设定

# nginx -s reload2018/05/28 04:39:47 [notice] 321#321: signal process started#

确认结果

10次调用全部输出的都是v1 in 7001

[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]
> do
> curl http://localhost:9080
> let cnt++
> done
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
[root@kong ~]#

蓝绿部署:切换到绿色版本

通过调整default.conf的weight,然后执行nginx -s reload的方式,在不停止nginx服务的方式下可动态的切换到绿色版本,目标将会将全部的流量都输出v2 in 7002

修改default.conf的方法

只需要将upstream中的server的权重做如下调整:

upstream nginx_blug_green {  server 192.168.163.117:7001 down;  server 192.168.163.117:7002 weight=100;}

重新加载nginx设定

# nginx -s reload2018/05/28 05:01:28 [notice] 330#330: signal process started#

确认结果

[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]; do curl http://localhost:9080; let cnt++; done
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
[root@kong ~]#

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对VEVB武林网的支持。


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