详解Nginx 虚拟主机配置的三种方式(基于IP)

2024-08-30 12:30:01

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Nginx配置虚拟主机支持3种方式：基于IP的虚拟主机配置，基于端口的虚拟主机配置，基于域名的虚拟主机配置。

1、基于IP的虚拟主机配置

如果同一台服务器有多个IP，可以使用基于IP的虚机主机配置，将不同的服务绑定在不同的IP上。

1.1 假设服务器有个IP地址为192.168.2.150，首先使用ifconfig在同一个网络接口上绑定其他3个IP。

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.2.151/24 up[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:2 192.168.2.152/24 up[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:3 192.168.2.153/24 up[root@localhost ~]# ifconfigens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.106 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 inet6 fe80::2a8d:be6:a4a8:ea0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1220 bytes 87955 (85.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 206 bytes 23755 (23.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.151 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)ens33:2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.152 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)ens33:3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.2.153 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback) RX packets 72 bytes 6252 (6.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 72 bytes 6252 (6.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

1.2 3个IP对应的域名如下，配置主机的host文件便于测试

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.2.151 www.test151.com192.168.2.152 www.test152.com192.168.2.153 www.test153.com

可以模拟实现DNS轮询的情况。

附：设置完hosts文件后一定要记得执行以下命令使其生效

1、windows下cmd进入命令行

C:/Users/1234>ipconfig /flushdnsWindows IP 配置已成功刷新 DNS 解析缓存。

1.3 建立虚拟主机存放网页的根目录，并创建首页文件index.html

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/www[root@localhost /]# cd /data/www[root@localhost www]# mkdir 151[root@localhost www]# mkdir 152[root@localhost www]# mkdir 153[root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.151" > 151/index.html[root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.152" > 152/index.html[root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.153" > 153/index.html[root@localhost www]# ls151 152 153

1.4 修改nginx.conf，将虚拟主机配置文件包含进主文件

[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/[root@localhost conf]# lsfastcgi.conf  fastcgi_params  koi-utf mime.types  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params  win-utffastcgi.conf.default fastcgi_params.default koi-win mime.types.default nginx.conf.default scgi_params.default uwsgi_params.default[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf

在nginx.conf文件末尾加入以下配置

# 在http段中找到以下内容并删除每行前面的“#” log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '   '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '   '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';# 配置文件结尾的最后一个“}”之前加入以下语句，如下所示include vhost/*.conf;}

1.5 编辑每个IP的配置文件（每个虚拟主机的配置文件）

[root@localhost conf]# mkdir -p vhost[root@localhost conf]# cd vhost/[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test151.conf server { listen 192.168.2.151:80; # 配置成实际的域名，每个虚拟主机的配置文件域名都相同 #server_name www.test.com; access_log /data/logs/www.test151.com.log main; error_log /data/logs/www.test151.com.error.log; location / {  root /data/www/151;  index index.html index.htm; } }[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test152.conf server { listen 192.168.2.152:80; # 配置成实际的域名，每个虚拟主机的配置文件域名都相同 #server_name www.test.com; access_log /data/logs/www.test152.com.log main; error_log /data/logs/www.test152.com.error.log; location / {  root /data/www/152;  index index.html index.htm; } }[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test153.conf server { listen 192.168.2.153:80; # 配置成实际的域名，每个虚拟主机的配置文件域名都相同 #server_name www.test.com; access_log /data/logs/www.test153.com.log main; error_log /data/logs/www.test153.com.error.log; location / {  root /data/www/153;  index index.html index.htm; } }

1.6 创建日志文件，否则无法启动nginx

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/logs[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test151.com.log[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test151.com.error.log[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test152.com.log[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test152.com.error.log[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test153.com.log[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test153.com.error.log[root@localhost /]# ls /data/logs/www.test151.com.error.log www.test152.com.error.log www.test153.com.error.logwww.test151.com.log www.test152.com.log www.test153.com.log

1.7 先测试配置文件然后再启动nginx

[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -tnginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful# 启动nginx[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx

1.8 测试文件

[root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test151.com192.168.2.151[root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test152.com192.168.2.152[root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test153.com192.168.2.153

附：配置过程中出现的问题

1、测试配置文件时出现的问题

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -tnginx: [emerg] unexpected "}" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:122nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

解决方法：下面语句忘记加分号