1. 引子
Oracle系统为了合理分配和使用系统的资源提出了概要文件的概念。所谓概要文件，就是一份描述如何使用系统的资源(主要是CPU资源)的配置文件。将概要文件赋予某个数据库用户，在用户连接并访问数据库服务器时，系统就按照概要文件给他分配资源。
包括:
1、管理数据库系统资源。
利用Profile来分配资源限额，必须把初始化参数resource_limit设置为true默认是TRUE的。
2、管理数据库口令及验证方式。
默认给用户分配的是DEFAULT概要文件，将该文件赋予了每个创建的用户。但该文件对资源没有任何限制，因此管理员常常需要根据自己数据库系统的环境自行建立概要文件。
2. 概要文件限制
概要文件主要可以对数据库系统如下指标进行限制。
1）用户的最大并发会话数（SESSION_PER_USER)
2）每个会话的CPU时钟限制（CPU_PER_SESSION）
3）每次调用的CPU时钟限制，调用包含解析、执行命令和获取数据等等。（CPU_PER_CALL）
4）最长连接时间。一个会话的连接时间超过指定时间之后，Oracle会自动的断开连接（CONNECT_TIME）
5）最长空闲时间。如果一个会话处于空闲状态超过指定时间，Oracle会自动断开连接（IDLE_TIME）
6）每个会话可以读取的最大数据块数量（LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION）
7）每次调用可以读取的最大数据块数量（LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL）
8）SGA私有区域的最大容量（PRIVATE_SGA）
概要文件对口令的定义和限制如下：
1）登录失败的最大尝试次数（FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS）
2）口令的最长有效期(PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME)
3）口令在可以重用之前必须修改的次数(PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX)
4）口令在可以重用之前必须经过的天数(PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME)
5）超过登录失败的最大允许尝试次数后，账户被锁定的天数
6）指定用于判断口令复杂度的函数名
在指定概要文件之后，DBA可以手工的将概要文件赋予每个用户。但是概要文件不是立即生效，而是要将初始化参数文件中的参数RESOURCE_LIMIT设置为TRUE之后，概要文件才会生效。
3. SQL PROFILE
SQL PROFILE在ORACLE10g中引入，主要目的侧重于SQL优化，弥补了存储概要的缺点.
DBA可以使用SQL调整顾问(STA)或SQL访问顾问(SAA)来识别可以得到更好性能的SQL语句，
这些语句可以保存在SQL调整集、一个AWR快照或保存在当前的库缓存中，一旦识别出调整候选者， 这些顾问程序就开始分析捕获到的语句以期获得更好的性能，然后生成专用的语句扩展(就叫做SQL配置文件)并重写SQL语句以在执行期间获取更佳的性能。
与存储概要类似，一个SQL配置文件提供了使用更好的执行计划的能力(如果这个执行计
划是可用的)，SQL配置文件也可以象存储概要一样分阶段执行，或限制到对特定会话才能执行该SQL配置文件，但是大多数重要的改进超过了存储概要.
SQLProfile对于一下类型语句有效：
SELECT语句；
UPDATE语句；
INSERT语句（仅当使用SELECT子句时有效）；
DELETE语句；
CREATE语句（仅当使用SELECT子句时有效）；
MERGE语句（仅当作UPDATE和INSERT操作时有效）。
另外，使用SQL Profile还必须有CREATE ANY SQL PROFILE、DROP ANY SQL PROFILE和ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE等系统权限。
4. 测试一
创建表
tpcc@TOADDB> create table t1 as selectobject_id,object_name from dba_objects where rownum<=50000; Table created.tpcc@TOADDB> create table t2 as select * fromdba_objects; Table created.
创建索引：
tpcc@TOADDB> create index t2_idx on t2(object_id);Index created.
收集统计信息：
tpcc@TOADDB> execdbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'t1',cascade=>true,method_opt=>'forall columns size 1');PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.tpcc@TOADDB> execdbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'t1',cascade=>true,method_opt=>'forall columns size 1');PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
执行无HINT的SQL
tpcc@TOADDB> set autotrace ontpcc@TOADDB> select t1.*,t2.owner from t1,t2 wheret1.object_name like '%T1%' and t1.object_id=t2.object_id;42 rows selected.Execution Plan----------------------------------------------------------Plan hash value: 1838229974---------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0| SELECT STATEMENT | | 2500 | 97K| 498 (1)| 00:00:01 ||* 1| HASH JOIN | | 2500 | 97K| 498 (1)| 00:00:01 ||* 2| TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 2500 | 72500 | 68 (0)| 00:00:01 || 3| TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2 | 92021 | 988K| 430 (1)| 00:00:01 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified byoperation id):--------------------------------------------------- 1-access("T1"."OBJECT_ID"="T2"."OBJECT_ID") 2- filter("T1"."OBJECT_NAME" LIKE '%T1%' AND"T1"."OBJECT_NAME" IS NOT NULL)Statistics---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 dbblock gets 1789 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redosize 2350 bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient 573 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 4 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 42 rowsprocessed 执行带Hint的SQL
SQL>select /*+ use_nl(t1 t2) index(t2)*/ t1.*,t2.owner from t1,t2 where t1.object_name like '%T1%' and t1.object_id=t2.object_id;42 rows selected.Execution Plan----------------------------------------------------------Plan hash value: 1022743391---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|Time |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0| SELECT STATEMENT | | 2500 | 97K| 5069 (1)|00:00:01 || 1| NESTED LOOPS | | 2500| 97K| 5069 (1)| 00:00:01 || 2| NESTED LOOPS | | 2500 | 97K| 5069 (1)| 00:00:01 ||* 3| TABLE ACCESS FULL | T1 | 2500 | 72500 | 68 (0)|00:00:01 ||* 4| INDEX RANGE SCAN |T2_IDX | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 || 5| TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T2 | 1 | 11 | 2 (0)|00:00:01 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified byoperation id):--------------------------------------------------- 3- filter("T1"."OBJECT_NAME" LIKE '%T1%' AND"T1"."OBJECT_NAME" IS NOT NULL) 4-access("T1"."OBJECT_ID"="T2"."OBJECT_ID")Statistics---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 dbblock gets 304 consistent gets 24 physical reads 0 redosize 2350 bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient 573 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 4 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 42 rowsprocessed 使用SQL PROFILE
查找执行SQL的SQL_ID
tpcc@TOADDB> select sql_id,sql_text from v$sqlwhere sql_text like '%t1.object_name%';SQL_ID-------------SQL_TEXT----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4zbqykx89yc8vselect t1.*,t2.owner from t1,t2 wheret1.object_name like '%T1%' and t1.object_id=t2.object_id18bphz37dajq9select /*+ use_nl(t1 t2) index(t2) */t1.*,t2.owner from t1,t2 where t1.object_name like '%T1%' andt1.object_id=t2.object_id
运行存储过程如下：
var tuning_task varchar2(100); DECLARE l_sql_id v$session.prev_sql_id%TYPE; l_tuning_task VARCHAR2(30); BEGIN l_sql_id:='4zbqykx89yc8v'; l_tuning_task := dbms_sqltune.create_tuning_task(sql_id =>l_sql_id); :tuning_task:=l_tuning_task; dbms_sqltune.execute_tuning_task(l_tuning_task); dbms_output.put_line(l_tuning_task); END;/ TASK_114PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看task的名字
tpcc@TOADDB> print tuning_task;TUNING_TASK----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TASK_114
查看执行报告
set long 99999col comments format a200SELECT dbms_sqltune.report_tuning_task(:tuning_task)COMMENTS FROM dual; COMMENTS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tuning Task Name : TASK_114Tuning Task Owner : TPCCWorkload Type : Single SQL StatementScope : COMPREHENSIVETime Limit(seconds): 1800Completion Status : COMPLETEDStarted at : 03/06/2016 05:27:21Completed at : 03/06/2016 05:27:24-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Schema Name: TPCCSQL ID : 4zbqykx89yc8vSQL Text : select t1.*,t2.owner from t1,t2 where t1.object_name like '%T1%' and t1.object_id=t2.object_id-------------------------------------------------------------------------------FINDINGS SECTION (1 finding)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1- SQL Profile Finding (see explain planssection below)-------------------------------------------------------- Apotentially better execution plan was found for this statement. Recommendation (estimated benefit: 83.08%) ------------------------------------------ -Consider accepting the recommended SQL profile. executedbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name => 'TASK_114', task_owner =>'TPCC', replace => TRUE); Validation results ------------------ TheSQL profile was tested by executing both its plan and the original plan andmeasuring their respective execution statistics. A plan may have been only partially executed if the other could be run to completion in lesstime. Original Plan With SQL Profile % Improved ------------- ---------------- ---------- Completion Status: COMPLETE COMPLETE Elapsed Time (s): .012865 .004556 64.58 % CPUTime (s): .0124 .0045 63.7% User I/O Time (s): 0 0 Buffer Gets: 1787 302 83.1% Physical Read Requests: 0 0 Physical Write Requests: 0 0 Physical Read Bytes: 0 0 Physical Write Bytes: 0 0 Rows Processed: 42 42 Fetches: 42 42 Executions: 1 1 Notes ----- 1.Statistics for the original plan were averaged over 10 executions. 2.Statistics for the SQL profile plan were averaged over 10 executions.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------EXPLAIN PLANS SECTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1- Original With Adjusted Cost------------------------------Plan hash value: 1838229974---------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0| SELECT STATEMENT | | 42 | 1680 | 498 (1)| 00:00:01 ||* 1| HASH JOIN | | 42 | 1680 | 498 (1)| 00:00:01 ||* 2| TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 42 | 1218 | 68 (0)| 00:00:01 || 3| TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2 | 92021 | 988K| 430 (1)| 00:00:01 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified byoperation id):--------------------------------------------------- 1-access("T1"."OBJECT_ID"="T2"."OBJECT_ID") 2- filter("T1"."OBJECT_NAME" LIKE '%T1%' AND"T1"."OBJECT_NAME" IS NOT NULL)2- Using SQL Profile--------------------Plan hash value: 1022743391---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|Time |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0| SELECT STATEMENT | | 42 | 1680 | 152 (0)|00:00:01 || 1| NESTED LOOPS | | 42 | 1680 | 152 (0)| 00:00:01 || 2| NESTED LOOPS | | 42 | 1680 | 152 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 3| TABLE ACCESS FULL | T1 | 42 | 1218 | 68 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 4| INDEX RANGE SCAN |T2_IDX | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 || 5| TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T2 | 1 | 11 | 2 (0)|00:00:01 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified byoperation id):--------------------------------------------------- 3- filter("T1"."OBJECT_NAME" LIKE '%T1%' AND"T1"."OBJECT_NAME" IS NOT NULL) 4-access("T1"."OBJECT_ID"="T2"."OBJECT_ID")------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 接受分析建议
报告中给出了执行方法，如上红色部分
接受报告的建议，验证一下如下：
tpcc@TOADDB> execute dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name=> 'TASK_114',task_owner => 'TPCC', replace => TRUE);PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
执行测试
再执行原先命令如下：
tpcc@TOADDB> select t1.*,t2.owner from t1,t2 wheret1.object_name like '%T1%' and t1.object_id=t2.object_id;42 rows selected.Execution Plan----------------------------------------------------------Plan hash value: 1022743391---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|Time |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0| SELECT STATEMENT | | 42 | 1680 | 152 (0)|00:00:01 || 1| NESTED LOOPS | | 42| 1680 | 152 (0)|00:00:01 || 2| NESTED LOOPS | | 42 | 1680 | 152 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 3| TABLE ACCESS FULL | T1 | 42 | 1218 | 68 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 4| INDEX RANGE SCAN |T2_IDX | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 || 5| TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T2 | 1 | 11 | 2 (0)|00:00:01 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified byoperation id):--------------------------------------------------- 3- filter("T1"."OBJECT_NAME" LIKE '%T1%' AND"T1"."OBJECT_NAME" IS NOT NULL) 4-access("T1"."OBJECT_ID"="T2"."OBJECT_ID")Note----- - SQL profile"SYS_SQLPROF_01534b8309b90000" used for this statement - this is an adaptive planStatistics---------------------------------------------------------- 35 recursive calls 0 dbblock gets 317 consistent gets 1 physical reads 0 redosize 2350 bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient 573 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 4 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 1 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 42 rowsprocessed 启用了PROFILE，PS：如果执行中多加几个空格，并不会影响PROFILE的生效的。
5. 维护操作
禁用命令
如下：
begin dbms_sqltune.alter_sql_profile( name => 'SYS_SQLPROF_01534b8309b90000', attribute_name => 'status', value => 'disabled'); end; /
启用命令
如下：
begin dbms_sqltune.alter_sql_profile( name => 'SYS_SQLPROF_01534b8309b90000', attribute_name => 'status', value => 'enabled'); end; /
查看使用的PROFILE
如下：
SQL>SELECT task_name,status FROMUSER_ADVISOR_TASKS ;
删除PROFILE
BEGIN DBMS_SQLTUNE.DROP_SQL_PROFILE(name => 'SYS_SQLPROF_01534b8309b90000'); END;
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Oracle固定执行计划之SQL PROFILE概要文件 ，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对VeVb武林网网站的支持！
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