在sqlplus中执行的sql出错之后应该如何处理和对应，多行sql语句或者存储过程的信息如何进行错误定位，这篇文章将结合实例进行简单地说明。
环境准备
使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境
如何进行错误定位
场景：
假如有3行insert的sql语句，中间一行出错之后，后续继续执行的情况下，如何定位到第二行？
dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace
通过使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace可以得到ERROR at line xxx:的信息，这对我们较为有用，我们接下来进行确认
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE <<EOF> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON> desc student> delete from student;> select * from student;> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');> select * from student;> commit;> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);> EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:06:07 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 2 rows deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> STUID STUNAME---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michaelSQL> Commit complete.SQL> PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$
可以看到，报错的时候提示了行号，但是行号是1，这是因为这种写法以一行为单位，自然是如此，如果是单个多行的存储过程，将会更加清晰。
ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
所以我们将这个例子进行改造，三行insert的sql放到文件之中，然后在使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace来进行确认
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/sqltest1.sql desc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
然后在尝试一下是否能够确认行号，会发现仍然不能精确定位：
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE <<EOF> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON> @/tmp/sqltest1.sql> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);> EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:08:27 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)2 rows deleted.no rows selected1 row created.insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated1 row created. STUID STUNAME---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michaelCommit complete.SQL> PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$
因为dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace更多的场景是在于存储过程的错误定位，接下来我们使用一个简单的存储过程例子来进行确认错误行号定位, 先看一个正常的存储过程，把上面的内容稍微修改一下：
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql create or replace PROCEDURE addstudentsISstudent_count number;BEGINdelete from student;select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);END;/exec addstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ 结果执行信息如下
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 <<EOFset serveroutput on;@/tmp/addstudent.sql EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:42:11 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Procedure created.sql set count before :0sql set count after :3PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$
接下来我们修改一下内容，使得第二行主键重复
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sqlcreate or replace PROCEDURE addstudentsISstudent_count number;BEGINdelete from student;select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);END;/exec addstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ 再次执行，自然会出错，但是可以看到，正确报出了所在行数，这是procedure的机制提示的信息
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 <<EOFset serveroutput on;@/tmp/addstudent.sql EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:44:25 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Procedure created.sql set count before :0BEGIN addstudents(); END;*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10ORA-06512: at line 1SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$
可以看到，ORA-06512: at “SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS”, line 10的信息就是我们期待的信息，提示出在这个存储过程的第10行执行出现问题，而实际可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace结合exception给出更为清晰地方式，比如：
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql create or replace PROCEDURE addstudentsISstudent_count number;BEGINdelete from student;select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select count(*) into student_count from student;dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);exceptionwhen others thendbms_output.put('exception happend with line info : ');dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);END;/exec addstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ 执行结果确认：
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 <<EOFset serveroutput on;@/tmp/addstudent.sql EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:49:27 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Procedure created.sql set count before :0exception happend with line info : ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Productionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$
这样则可以看出能够比较清晰地进行错误的定位了，但是由于功能受限，所以实际使用场景仍然较为有限，但是定位存储过程的信息则可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace等进行确认。
小结
多行sql执行定位可以考虑拆成单行来确认，而存储过程则可结合format_error_backtrace等进行确认以提供问题出现的所在行号。
总结
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