本文通过举例的方式来教你如何在Oracle中实现SELECT TOP N的方法。 1.在Oracle中实现SELECT TOP N : 由于ORACLE不支持SELECT TOP语句,所以在ORACLE中经常是用ORDER BY跟ROWNUM的组合来实现SELECT TOP N的查询。 简单地说,实现方法如下所示:
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N(抽出记录数) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC
下面举个例子简单说明一下。 顾客表customer(id,name)有如下数据:
ID NAME 01 first02 Second03 third04 forth05 fifth06 sixth07 seventh08 eighth09 ninth10 tenth11 last
则按NAME的字母顺抽出前三个顾客的SQL语句如下所示:
SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= 3 ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, 列名1...列名nFROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N(抽出记录数) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = M(M <= N)
同样以上表的数据为基础,那么得到以NAME的字母顺排序的第二个顾客的信息的SQL语句应该这样写:
SELECT ID, NAME FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, ID, NAME FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= 3 ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = 2
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, 列名1...列名nFROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N(抽出记录数) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = N 那么,2中的例子的SQL语句则为: SELECT ID, NAME FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, ID, NAME FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= 2 ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = 2
结果为:
ID NAME05 fifth
4.抽出按某种方式排序的记录集中的第M条记录开始的X条记录: 上一点所讲的仅仅是抽取一条记录的情况,当我们需要抽取多条记录的时候,此时在第二点中的N的取值应该是在N >= (M + X - 1)这个范围内,当然最经济的取值就是取等号的时候了。当然最后的抽取条件也不是RECNO = N了,应该是RECNO BETWEEN M AND (M + X - 1)了,所以随之而来的SQL语句则为:
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, 列名1...列名nFROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N (N >= (M + X - 1)) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO BETWEEN M AND (M + X - 1)
同样以上面的数据为例,则抽取NAME的字母顺的第二条记录开始的3条记录的SQL语句为:
SELECT ID, NAME FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, ID, NAME FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= (2 + 3 - 1) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO BETWEEN 2 AND (2 + 3 - 1)