分享：我的oracle9i学习笔记(一)
2024-08-29 13:50:15
供稿：网友
create database db01 maxlogfiles 10 maxdatafiles 1024 maxinstances 2 logfile GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M, undo tablespace UNDO datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M default temporary tablespace TEMP tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M extent management local uniform size 128k character set AL32UTE8 national character set AL16UTF16 set time_zone='America/New_York'; ############### 数据字典 ########## set wrap off select * from v$dba_users; grant select on table_name to user/rule; select * from user_tables; select * from all_tables; select * from dba_tables; revoke dba from user_name; shutdown immediate startup nomount select * from v$instance; select * from v$sga; select * from v$tablespace; alter session set nls_language=american; alter database mount; select * from v$database; alter database open; desc dictionary select * from dict; desc v$fixed_table; select * from v$fixed_table; set Oracle_sid=foxconn select * from dba_objects; set serveroutput on execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd'); ############# 控制文件 ########### select * from v$database; select * from v$tablespace; select * from v$logfile; select * from v$log; select * from v$backup; /*备份用户表空间*/ alter tablespace users begin backup; select * from v$archived_log; select * from v$controlfile; alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl', '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile; cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl startup pfile='../initSID.ora' select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ; show parameter control; select * from v$controlfile_record_section; select * from v$tempfile; /*备份控制文件*/ alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak'; /*备份控制文件，并将二进制控制文件变为了asc 的文本文件*/ alter database backup controlfile to trace; ############### redo log ############## archive log list; alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档 alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switch alter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpoint alter tablspace users begin backup; alter tablespace offline; /*checkpoint 同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高，系统恢复所需时间越短*/ show parameter fast; show parameter log_checkpoint; /*加入一个日志组*/ alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);
/*加入日志组的一个成员*/ alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3; /*删除日志组:当前日志组不能删；活动的日志组不能删；非归档的日志组不能删*/ alter database drop logfile group 3; /*删除日志组中的某个成员，但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除*/ alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo'; /*清除在线日志*/ alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo'; alter database clear logfile group 3; /*清除非归档日志*/ alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3; /*重命名日志文件*/ alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo'; show parameter db_create; alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name'; select * from v$log; select * from v$logfile;/*数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount; 然后再打开数据库.*/ alter database noarchivelog/archivelog; achive log start;---启动自动归档 alter system archive all;－－手工归档所有日志文件 select * from v$archived_log; show parameter log_archive; ###### 分析日志文件logmnr ############## 1) 在init.ora中set utl_file_dir 参数 2) 重新启动oracle 3) create 目录文件 desc dbms_logmnr_d; dbms_logmnr_d.build; 4) 加入日志文件 add/remove log file dhms_logmnr.add_logfile dbms_logmnr.removefile 5) start logmnr dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr 6) 分析出来的内容查询 v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo 实践： desc dbms_logmnr_d; /*对数据表做一些操作，为恢复操作做预备*/ update 表 set qty=10 where stor_id=6380; delete 表 where stor_id=7066; /***********************************/ utl_file_dir的路径 execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump'); execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile); execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>;'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora'); ######### tablespace ############## select * form v$tablespace; select * from v$datafile; /*表空间和数据文件的对应关系*/ select t1.name,t2.name from v$tablespace t1,v$datafile t2 where t1.ts#=t2.ts#; alter tablespace users add datafile 'path' size 10M; select * from dba_rollback_segs; /*限制用户在某表空间的使用限额*/ alter user user_name quota 10m on tablespace_name; create tablespace xxx [datafile 'path_name/datafile_name'] [size xxx] [extent management local/dictionary] [default storage(xxx)]; exmple: create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 200M; create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management dictionary default storage(initial 100k next 100k pctincrease 10) offline; /*9i以后，oracle建议使用local治理，而不使用dictionary治理，因为local采用bitmap治理表空间 ，不会产生系统表空间的自愿争用;*/ create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local autoallocate; /*在创建表空间时，设置表空间内的段空间治理模式，这里用的是自动治理*/ create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m segment space management auto; alter tablespace userdata mininum extent 10; alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 20); /*undo tablespace(不能被用在字典治理模下) */ create undo tablespace undo1 datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 40M extent management local; show parameter undo; /*temporary tablespace*/ create temporary tablespace userdata tempfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 10m extent management local;*设置数据库缺省的临时表空间*/ alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name; /*系统/临时/在线的undo表空间不能被offline*/ alter tablespace tablespace_name offline/online; alter tablespace tablespace_name read only; /*重命名用户表空间*/ alter tablespace tablespace_name rename datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf'; /*重命名系统表空间 ,但在重命名前必须将数据库shutdown,并重启到mount状态*/ alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system01.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system02.dbf'; drop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;---drop tablespce /*resize tablespace,autoextend datafile space*/ alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500M; /*resize datafile*/ alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' resize 50m; /*给表空间扩展空间*/ alter tablespace userdata add datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' size 10m; /*将表空间设置成OMF状态*/ alter system set db_create_file_dest='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata'; create tablespace userdata;---use OMF status to create tablespace; drop tablespace userdata;---user OMF status to drop tablespace; select * from dba_tablespace/v$tablespace/dba_data_files; /*将表的某分区移动到另一个表空间*/ alter table table_name move partition partition_name tablespace tablespace_name; ###### ORACLE storage strUCture and relationships ######### /*手工分配表空间段的分区(extend)大小*/ alter table kong.test12 allocate extent(size 1m datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf'); alter table kong.test12 deallocate unused; ---释放表中没有用到的分区 show parameter db; alter system set db_8k_cache_size=10m; ---配置8k块的内存空间块参数 select * from dba_extents/dba_segments/data_tablespace; select * from dba_free_space/dba_data_file/data_tablespace; /*数据对象所占用的字节数*/ select sum(bytes) from dba_extents where onwer='kong' and segment_name ='table_name'; ############ UNDO Data ################ show parameter undo; alter tablespace users offline normal;
alter tablespace users offline immediate; recover datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf'; alter tablespace users online ; select * from dba_rollback_segs; alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs1;
