PCIE有四种不同的规格,通过下图来了解下PCIE的其中2种规格
查看主板上的PCI插槽
# dmidecode | grep --color "PCI"
不同PCIe版本对应的传输速率如下:
传输速率为每秒传输量GT/s,而不是每秒位数Gbps,因为传输量包括不提供额外吞吐量的开销位;
比如PCIe 1.x和PCIe 2.x使用8b/10b编码方案,导致占用了20% (= 2/10)的原始信道带宽。
GT/s ―― Giga transation per second (千兆传输/秒),即每一秒内传输的次数。重点在于描述物理层通信协议的速率属性,可以不和链路宽度等关联。
Gbps ―― Giga Bits Per Second (千兆位/秒)。GT/s 与Gbps 之间不存在成比例的换算关系。
PCIe 吞吐量(可用带宽)计算方法:
吞吐量 = 传输速率 * 编码方案
例如:PCI-e2.0 协议支持 5.0 GT/s,即每一条Lane上支持每秒钟内传输5G个Bit;但这并不意味着 PCIe 2.0协议的每一条Lane支持 5Gbps 的速率。
为什么这么说呢?因为PCIe 2.0 的物理层协议中使用的是8b/10b的编码方案。 即每传输8个Bit,需要发送10个Bit;这多出的2个Bit并不是对上层有意义的信息。
那么,PCIe 2.0协议的每一条Lane支持 5 * 8 / 10 = 4 Gbps = 500 MB/s 的速率。
以一个PCIe 2.0 x8的通道为例,x8的可用带宽为 4 * 8 = 32 Gbps = 4 GB/s。
PCI-e3.0 协议支持 8.0 GT/s, 即每一条Lane 上支持每秒钟内传输 8G个Bit。
而PCIe 3.0 的物理层协议中使用的是 128b/130b 的编码方案。 即每传输128个Bit,需要发送130个Bit。
那么, PCIe 3.0协议的每一条Lane支持 8 * 128 / 130 = 7.877 Gbps = 984.6 MB/s 的速率。
一个PCIe 3.0 x16的通道,x16 的可用带宽为 7.877 * 16 = 126.031 Gbps = 15.754 GB/s。
在 Linux 下要如何得知 PCI-E Bus 使用的是 Gen(Generation) 1 是 Gen2 是新一代的 Gen 3 然使用
#lspci 只要可以看到目前系 所有的 置.但是好像看不到 PCI-E Bus 所 用的是哪一代的 PCI-E.
root@XXX# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell DRAM Controller (rev 06)00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell PCI Express x16 Controller (rev 06)00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell PCI Express x8 Controller (rev 06)00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 06)00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell HD Audio Controller (rev 06)00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 05)00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev d5)00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev d5)00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point PCI Express Root Port #6 (rev d5)00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point LPC Controller (rev 05)00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Lynx Point 4-port SATA Controller 1 [IDE mode] (rev 05)00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point SMBus Controller (rev 05)00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point Thermal Management Controller (rev 05)01:00.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)02:01.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)02:02.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)02:08.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)02:09.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. Unknown device 8724 (rev ca)03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)03:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)03:00.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)03:00.3 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)04:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)04:00.2 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)04:00.3 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)06:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)07:00.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)08:01.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)08:08.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)08:09.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)08:0a.0 PCI bridge: PLX Technology, Inc. PEX 8732 32-lane, 8-Port PCI Express Gen 3 (8.0 GT/s) Switch (rev ca)09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)09:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82599EB 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection (rev 01)0e:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)0f:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)root@XXX#
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