linux中让 Docker 使用 HTTPS的教程

2024-08-27 23:59:21

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Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎,让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上,也可以实现虚拟化,下文来看一个 Docker 使用 HTTPS的教程.

Docker 启动监听端口后,使用的是 http,可以远程来管理 Docker 主机.

这样的场景存在弊端,API 层面是没有提供用户验证、Token 之类身份验证功能,任何人都可以通过地址加端口来控制 Docker 主机,为了避免这样的情况发生,Docker 官方也支持 https 方式,不过需要我们自己来生成证书.

通过 OpenSSL 命令来生成 CA 证书、服务器私钥、客户端证书、签名,openssl 命令比较复杂,我用脚本直接生成:

# cat certgen.sh

set -ex

[ -e certs ] || mkdir certs

cd certs

echo "Creating ca keys..."

echo 01 > ca.srl

openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca-key.pem

openssl rsa -in ca-key.pem -out ca-key.pem

openssl req -subj "/CN=$(hostname -f)/" -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca-key.pem -out ca.pem

echo "Creating server keys..."

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server-key.pem

openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem

openssl req -subj "/CN=$(hostname -f)/" -new -key server-key.pem -out server.csr

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -out server-cert.pem

echo "Creating client keys..."

openssl genrsa -des3 -out key.pem

openssl rsa -in key.pem -out key.pem

openssl req -subj '/CN=*/' -new -key key.pem -out client.csr

echo extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth > extfile.cnf

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in client.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -out cert.pem -extfile extfile.cnf //Vevb.com

需要注意,在执行脚本之前,确保你的主机名符合 FQDN 并能正常解析,不推荐修改脚本内容 $(hostname -f) 为 IP 地址,无需修改脚本,在脚本执行过程中会反复需要输入密码,统一输入一个密码就 ok:

sh certgen.sh

执行完后,会在当前目录下生成一个 certs 目录,里面有生成的所有的证书文件,为了避免混淆,现在拷贝 CA 和服务器私钥到其它目录:

mkdir -p /etc/docker/certs

cd certs/

cp ca.pem server-cert.pem server-key.pem /etc/docker/certs/

服务器私钥有了,我们也知道在哪里,现在只需要让 Docker 知道:

vim /etc/default/docker

DOCKER_OPTS='-H unix:///var/run/docker.sock -H docker01.thstack.com:6732 --tlsverify --tlscacert=/etc/docker/certs/ca.pem --tlscert=/etc/docker/certs/server-cert.pem --tlskey=/etc/docker/certs/server-key.pem'

重启 docker 服务:service docker restart,添加 DOCKER_HOST 环境变量,地址为 Docker 主机的主机名,同样如果设置 IP 地址会有问题:

# vim /etc/profile

export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://docker01.thstack.com:6732

# source /etc/profile

现在 Docker 已经开启了 https 认证,在命令行里敲 docker 命令会报错,需要在每个 docker 命令加 –tlsverify 参数,docker 命令作为一个客户端工具来操作 Docker 主机同样依赖客户端证书:

root@docker01:~/certs# docker info

2014/09/14 16:19:26 Get http://docker01.thstack.com:6732/v1.14/info: malformed HTTP response "x15x03x01x00x02x02"

root@docker01:~# docker --tlsverify images

2014/09/14 16:25:53 Couldn't read ca cert /root/.docker/ca.pem: open /root/.docker/ca.pem: no such file or directory //Vevb.com

从 docker –tlsverify images 结果输出中了解到,加了 –tlsverify 参数后,就会默认去 ~/.docker 文件中找客户端证书,现在为 docker 客户端命令添加证书:

mkdir ~/.docker

cd certs/

cp ca.pem cert.pem key.pem ~/.docker

再次尝试执行命令:

root@docker01:~# docker ps

2014/09/14 16:28:42 Get http://docker01.thstack.com:6732/v1.14/containers/json: malformed HTTP response "x15x03x01x00x02x02"

root@docker01:~# docker --tlsverify images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE

ubuntu              14.04.1             826544226fdc        9 days ago          194.2 MB

ubuntu              14.04               826544226fdc        9 days ago          194.2 MB

ubuntu              trusty              826544226fdc        9 days ago          194.2 MB

ubuntu              latest              826544226fdc        9 days ago          194.2 MB

ubuntu              14.10               245ce11c1f25        9 days ago          202.5 MB

ubuntu              utopic              245ce11c1f25        9 days ago          202.5 MB

ubuntu              precise             c17f3f519388        9 days ago          106.7 MB

ubuntu              12.04.5             c17f3f519388        9 days ago          106.7 MB

ubuntu              12.04               c17f3f519388        9 days ago          106.7 MB

ubuntu              12.10               c5881f11ded9        12 weeks ago        172.2 MB

ubuntu              quantal             c5881f11ded9        12 weeks ago        172.2 MB

ubuntu              13.04               463ff6be4238        12 weeks ago        169.4 MB

ubuntu              raring              463ff6be4238        12 weeks ago        169.4 MB

ubuntu              13.10               195eb90b5349        12 weeks ago        184.7 MB

ubuntu              saucy               195eb90b5349        12 weeks ago        184.7 MB

ubuntu              lucid               3db9c44f4520        4 months ago        183 MB

ubuntu              10.04               3db9c44f4520        4 months ago        183 MB

只要开启 https 认证后,docker 命令就必须加 –tlsverify 参数,上面所有的操作都是在 Docker 主机上操作,找另外一台机器来验证 https 是否生效:

root@ubuntu:~# curl -v -s  https://docker01.thstack.com:6732/info

* About to connect() to docker01.thstack.com port 6732 (#0)

*   Trying 192.168.3.23... connected

* successfully set certificate verify locations:

*   CAfile: none

  CApath: /etc/ssl/certs

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):

* SSLv3, TLS alert, Server hello (2):

* SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:

error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed

* Closing connection #0

上面提示,证书验证失败,在 Docker 主机上 scp 客户端证书到这台机器上:

root@docker01:~# cd certs/

root@docker01:~/certs# scp ca.pem cert.pem key.pem root@ubuntu:/tmp

指明证书位置来验证,可以看到验证过程和结果:

root@ubuntu:~# curl -v -s -k --key /tmp/key.pem --cert /tmp/cert.pem https://docker01.thstack.com:6732/info

* About to connect() to docker01.thstack.com port 6732 (#0)

*   Trying 192.168.3.23... connected

* successfully set certificate verify locations:

*   CAfile: none

  CApath: /etc/ssl/certs

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Request CERT (13):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):

* SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):

* SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):

* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):

* SSL connection using ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA

* Server certificate:

*        subject: CN=docker01.thstack.com

*        start date: 2014-09-14 03:27:16 GMT

*        expire date: 2015-09-14 03:27:16 GMT

*        common name: docker01.thstack.com (matched)

*        issuer: CN=docker01.thstack.com

*        SSL certificate verify result: self signed certificate (18), continuing anyway.

> GET /info HTTP/1.1

> User-Agent: curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3

> Host: docker01.thstack.com:6732

> Accept: */*

>

< HTTP/1.1 200 OK

< Content-Type: application/json

< Job-Name: info

< Date: Sun, 14 Sep 2014 08:43:26 GMT

< Content-Length: 417

<

{"Containers":1,"Debug":0,"Driver":"aufs","DriverStatus":[["Root Dir","/var/lib/docker/aufs"],["Dirs","36"]],"ExecutionDriver":"native-0.2","IPv4Forwarding":1,"Images":34,"IndexServerAddress":"https://index.docker.io/v1/","InitPath":"/usr/bin/docker","InitSha1":"","KernelVersion":"3.13.0-24-generic","MemoryLimit":1,"NEventsListener":0,"NFd":11,"NGoroutines":11,"OperatingSystem":"Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS","SwapLimit":0}

* Connection #0 to host docker01.thstack.com left intact

* Closing connection #0

* SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1):