mysql批量更新多条记录的同一个字段为不同值的方法

2024-07-24 13:11:39

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首先mysql更新数据的某个字段，一般这样写：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = 'value' WHERE other_field = 'other_value';

也可以这样用in指定要更新的记录：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = 'value' WHERE other_field in ('other_values');

这里注意 ‘other_values' 是一个逗号（，）分隔的字符串，如：1,2,3

如果更新多条数据而且每条记录要更新的值不同，可能很多人会这样写：

foreach ($values as $id => $myvalue) { $sql = "UPDATE mytable SET myfield = $myvalue WHERE id = $id"; mysql_query($sql);}

即是循环一条一条的更新记录。一条记录update一次，这样性能很差，也很容易造成阻塞。

那么能不能一条sql语句实现批量更新呢？

mysql并没有提供直接的方法来实现批量更新，但是可以用点小技巧来实现。

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'myvalue1' WHEN 2 THEN 'myvalue2' WHEN 3 THEN 'myvalue3' ENDWHERE other_field ('other_values')

如果where条件查询出记录的id不在CASE范围内，myfield将被设置为空。

如果更新多个值的话，只需要稍加修改：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield1 = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'myvalue11' WHEN 2 THEN 'myvalue12' WHEN 3 THEN 'myvalue13' END, myfield2 = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'myvalue21' WHEN 2 THEN 'myvalue22' WHEN 3 THEN 'myvalue23' ENDWHERE id IN (1,2,3)

这里以php为例，构造这两条mysql语句：

1、更新多条单个字段为不同值, mysql模式

$ids_values = array( 1 => 11, 2 => 22, 3 => 33, 4 => 44, 5 => 55, 6 => 66, 7 => 77, 8 => 88,); $ids = implode(',', array_keys($ids_values ));$sql = "UPDATE mytable SET myfield = CASE id ";foreach ($ids_values as $id=> $myvalue) { $sql .= sprintf("WHEN %d THEN %d ", $id, $myvalue);}$sql .= "END WHERE id IN ($ids)";echo $sql.";<br/>";

输出：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 11 WHEN 2 THEN 22 WHEN 3 THEN 33 WHEN 4 THEN 44 WHEN 5 THEN 55 WHEN 6 THEN 66 WHEN 7 THEN 77 WHEN 8 THEN 88 END WHERE id IN (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8);

2、更新多个字段为不同值, PDO模式

$data = array(array('id' => 1, 'myfield1val' => 11, 'myfield2val' => 111), array('id' => 2, 'myfield1val' => 22, 'myfield2val' => 222));$where_in_ids = implode(',', array_map(function($v) {return ":id_" . $v['id'];}, $data));$update_sql = 'UPDATE mytable SET';$params = array();$update_sql .= ' myfield1 = CASE id';foreach($data as $key => $item) { $update_sql .= " WHEN :id_" . $key . " THEN :myfield1val_" . $key . " "; $params[":id_" . $key] = $item['id']; $params[":myfield1val_" . $key] = $item['myfield1val'];}$update_sql .= " END";$update_sql .= ',myfield2 = CASE id';foreach($data as $key => $item) { $update_sql .= " WHEN :id_" . $key . " THEN :myfield2val_" . $key . " "; $params[":id_" . $key] = $item['id']; $params[":myfield1va2_" . $key] = $item['myfield2val'];}$update_sql .= " END";$update_sql .= " WHERE id IN (" . $where_in_ids . ")";echo $update_sql.";<br/>";var_dump($params);

输出：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield1 = CASE id WHEN :id_0 THEN :myfield1val_0 WHEN :id_1 THEN :myfield1val_1 END,myfield2 = CASE id WHEN :id_0 THEN :myfield2val_0 WHEN :id_1 THEN :myfield2val_1 END WHERE id IN (:id_1,:id_2);array (size=6) ':id_0' => int 1 ':myfield1val_0' => int 11 ':id_1' => int 2 ':myfield1val_1' => int 22 ':myfield1va2_0' => int 111 ':myfield1va2_1' => int 222

另外三种批量更新方式

1. replace into 批量更新

replace into mytable(id, myfield) values (1,'value1'),(2,'value2'),(3,'value3');

2. insert into ...on duplicate key update批量更新

insert into mytable(id, myfield1, myfield2) values (1,'value11','value21'),(2,'value12','value22'),(3,'value13','value23') on duplicate key update myfield1=values(myfield2),values(myfield2)+values(id);

3. 临时表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tmptable`;create temporary table tmptable(id int(4) primary key,myfield varchar(50));insert into tmptable values (1,'value1'),(2,'value2'),(3,'value3');update mytable, tmptable set mytable.myfield = tmptable.myfield where mytable.id = tmptable.id;