MySQL中DATE_FORMATE函数使用时的注意点

这篇文章主要介绍了MySQL中DATE_FORMATE函数使用时的注意点,主要是针对其内置的字符集使用时需要转换而进行说明,需要的朋友可以参考下

今天帮同事处理一个SQL(简化过后的)执行报错：

1. mysql> select date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d') > timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20');  
2.  
3. ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations (utf8_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (latin1_swedish_ci,NUMERIC) for operation '>' 

乍一看挺莫名其妙的，查了下手册，发现有这么一段：

The language used for day and month names and abbreviations is controlled by the value of the lc_time_names system variable (Section 9.7, “MySQL Server Locale Support”).

The DATE_FORMAT() returns a string with a character set and collation given by character_set_connection and collation_connection so that it can return month and weekday names containing non-ASCII characters.

也就是说，DATE_FORMATE() 函数返回的结果是带有字符集/校验集属性的，而 TIMEDIFF() 函数则没有字符集/校验集属性，我们来验证一下：

1. mysql> set names utf8; 
2. mysql> select charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')), charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')); 
3. +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ 
4. | charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')) | charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')) | 
5. +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ 
6. | utf8 | binary | 
7. +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ 
8.  
9. mysql> set names gb2312; 
10. mysql> select charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')), charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')); 
11. +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ 
12. | charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')) | charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')) | 
13. +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ 
14. | gb2312 | binary | 
15. +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ 

可以看到，随着通过 SET NAMES 修改 character_set_connection、collation_connection 值，DATE_FORMAT() 函数返回结果的字符集也跟着不一样。在这种情况下，想要正常工作，就需要将结果进行一次字符集转换，例如：

1. mysql> select date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d') > convert(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20') using utf8); 
2. +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
3. | date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d') > convert(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20') using utf8) | 
4. +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
5. | 1 | 
6. +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 

就可以了 :)