请教怎么从数据库随机读出15条记录? order by rand() limit 0,15 怎么从数据库随机读出所有记录? order by rand()
但是,后来我查了一下MYSQL的官方手册,里面针对RAND()的提示大概意思就是,在ORDER BY从句里面不能使用RAND()函数,因为这样会导致数据列被多次扫描。但是在MYSQL 3.23版本中,仍然可以通过ORDER BY RAND()来实现随机。
但是真正测试一下才发现这样效率非常低。一个15万余条的库,查询5条数据,居然要8秒以上。查看官方手册,也说rand()放在ORDER BY 子句中会被执行多次,自然效率及很低。 You cannot use a column with RAND() values in an ORDER BY clause, because ORDER BY would evaluate the column multiple times. 搜索Google,网上基本上都是查询max(id) * rand()来随机获取数据。 SELECT * FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 WHERE t1.id >= t2.id ORDER BY t1.id ASC LIMIT 5;
下面的语句采用的是JOIN,mysql的论坛上有人使用 SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` ) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
我测试了一下,需要0.5秒,速度也不错,但是跟上面的语句还是有很大差距。总觉有什么地方不正常。
于是我把语句改写了一下。 SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`))) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
这下,效率又提高了,查询时间只有0.01秒
最后,再把语句完善一下,加上MIN(id)的判断。我在最开始测试的时候,就是因为没有加上MIN(id)的判断,结果有一半的时间总是查询到表中的前面几行。 完整查询语句是: SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT floor( RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
SELECT * FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 WHERE t1.id >= t2.id ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;