登陸: shell>MySQL -uroot -p
修改提示符: ①shell>mysql -uroot -ppassward --PRompt 提示符
②mysql>prompt 提示符
【參數】/D 完整的日期;/d 當前數據庫;/h 服務器名稱; /u 當前用戶;
修改定界符: DELIMITER 定界符;
修改存储引擎: ALTER TABLE table_name ENGINE [=] engine_name;
顯示當前服務器版本: SELECT VERSION;
顯示當前日期: SELECT NOW();
修改客户端编码方式: SET NAMES gbk;
顯示當前用戶: SELECT USER();
查看數據庫的默認引擎: show variables like 'default_storage_engine';
查看數據庫支持的引擎: show engines;或show variables like 'have%';
修改密碼: ①SET PASSWord FOR ‘root’@’localhost’ = PASSWORD(‘newpass’);
②mysqladmin -u root password oldpassword “newpassword”
③UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD(‘newpassword’) WHERE user = ‘root’;
創建數據庫: CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name;
查看當前服務器下的數據表列表: SHOW {DATABASES | SCHEMAS} [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr];
修改數據庫: ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [db_name] [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name;
刪除數據庫: DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name;
創建數據表: CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] table_name(column_name data_type,...);
空與非空: NULL/NOT NULL;
有符號與無符號: SIGNED/UNSIGNED;
自動編號: AUTO_INCREMENT;
主鍵: PRIMARY KEY;
添加主鍵約束: ALTER TABLE tbl_name ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...);
刪除主鍵約束: ALTER TABLE tbl_name DROP PRIMARY KEY;
唯一約束: UNIQUE KEY;
添加唯一約束: ALTER TABLE tbl_name ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX | KEY] [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...);
刪除唯一約束: ALTER TABLE tbl_name DROP {INDEX | KEY} index_name;
默認約束: DEFAULT 值;
添加/刪除默認約束: ALTER TABLE tbl_name ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT};
查看數據表列表: SHOW TABLES [FROM db_name] [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr];
查看數據表結構: SHOW COLUMNS FROM tb1_name;
插入記錄: INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] VALUES(val,...);
記錄查找: SELECT expr,... FROM tbl_name;
查看索引: SHOW INDEXES FROM table_name;
外鍵約束: FOREIGN KEY (pid) REFERENCES provinces (id);外鍵列pid,參照列id;
添加外鍵約束: ALTER TABLE tbl_name ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name](index_col_name,...) reference_definition;
刪除外鍵約束: ALTER TABLE tbl_name DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol;
外鍵約束的參照操作: ①CASCADE:從父表刪除或更新且自動刪除或更新子表中匹配的行。 ②SET NULL:從父表刪除或更新行,並設置子表中的外鍵列為NULL。 ③RESTRICT:拒絕對父表的刪除或更新操作。 ④NO ACTION:標準SQL的關鍵字,在MySQL中與RESTRICT相同。
添加單列: ALTER TABLE tbl_name ADD [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name];
添加多列: ALTER TABLE tbl_name ADD [COLUMN] (col_name column_definition,...);
刪除列: ALTER TABLE tbl_name DROP [COLUMN] col_name;
修改列定義: ①ALTER TABLE tbl_name MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name];
②ALTER TABLE tbl_name CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name];
修改數據表名: ①ALTER TABLE tbl_name RENAME [TO|AS] new_tbl_name;
②RENAME TABLE tbl_name TO new_tbl_name [, tbl_name TO new_tbl_name2]...
插入记录: ①INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] {VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
②INSERT [INTO] tbl_name SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT},...
③INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] SELECT ...
更新记录: ①单表更新: UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_reference SET col_name1={expr1 | DEFAULT} [,col_name2={expr2 | DEFAULT}]...[WHERE where_condition];
②多表更新: UPDATE table_reference SET col_name1 = {expr1 | DEFAULT} [,col_name2 = {expr2 | DEFAULT}]...[WHERE where_condition];
删除记录: ①单表删除: DELETE FROM tbl_name [WHERE where_condition];
②多表删除: DELETE tbl_name[.*] [,tbl_name[.*]]... FROM table_reference [WHERE where_condition];
查找记录:
SELECT select_expr [,select_expr ...][ FROM table_reference [WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY {col_name | position} [ASC | DESC],...] [HAVING where_condition] [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC|DESC],...] [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]]表连接: table_reference {[INNER | CROSS] JOIN | {LEFT | RIGHT} [OUTER] JOIN} table_reference ON join_condition;
内链接:显示左表及右表符合连接条件的记录; 左外连接:显示左表的全部记录及右表符合连接条件的记录; 右外连接:显示右表的全部记录及左表符合连接条件的记录; e.g. SELECT col_name... FROM tbl_name1 INNER JOIN tbl_name2 ON condition_expr;
创建数据表同时将查询结果写入到数据表: CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name [(create_definition,...)] select_statement;
创建自定义函数: ①CREATE FUNCTION function_name(参数1,...) RETURNS {STRING | INTEGER | REAL | DECIMAL} routine_body;
②CREATE FUNCTION function_name(参数1,...) RETURNS 返回值 RETURN 函数体;
复合结构用BEGIN…END;
删除自定义函数:DROP FUNCTION function_name;
创建存储过程:
CREATE [DEFINER = {user | CURRENT_USER}] PROCEDURE sp_name([proc_parameter[,...]]) [characteristic ...] routine_bodyproc_parameter:[IN | OUT | INOUT] param_name type调用存储过程:CALL sp_name([parameter[,...]]);
删除存储过程:DROP PROCEDURE [IF EXISTS] sp_name;
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