1、故事起因于2016年11月15日的一个生产bug。业务场景是:归档一个表里边的数据到历史表里边,同是删除主表记录。
2、背景场景简化如下(数据库引擎InnoDb,数据隔离级别RR[REPEATABLE])
-- 创建表test1 CREATE TABLE test1 ( id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name varchar(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); insert into test1 values('hello'); -- 创建表test2 CREATE TABLE test2 ( id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name varchar(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); -- Transcation 1 begin; insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1; delete from test1 where id = 1; -- Transcation 2 begin; insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1; |
3、具体执行顺序
Transcation1 | Transcation2 |
begin; — 这条sql得到test1表主键索引锁共享锁S(id=1) insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1; | |
begin; — 这条sql试图获取test1表主键索引锁共享锁S(id=1),但是已经被T1占有,所以它进入锁请求队列. insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1; | |
— 这条sql试图把自己拥有的test1表主键索引锁共享锁S(id=1)升级为排它锁X(id=1) — 这时T1也发起一个锁请求,这个时候mysql发现锁请求队列里边已存在一个事物T2对(id=1)的这条记录申请了S锁,死锁产生了。 delete from test1 where id = 1; | |
死锁产生后mysql根据两个事务的权重,事务2的权重更小,被选为死锁的牺牲者,rollback。 | |
T2 rollback 之后T1成功获取了锁执行成功 |
Mysql 官方解释
Deadlock occurs here because client A needs an X lock to delete the row. However, that lock request cannot be granted because client B already has a request for an X lock and is waiting for client A to release its S lock. Nor can the S lock held by A be upgraded to an X lock because of the prior request by B for an X lock. As a result, InnoDBgenerates an error for one of the clients and releases its locks. The client returns this error。
实际场景和mysql文档有些区别,文档里边要获取的是X锁。具体事例里边要获取的是S锁。
下面我们来具体的一步步分析下mysql的死锁
1、MySQL常用存储引擎的锁机制
MyISAM和MEMORY采用表级锁(table-level locking)
BDB采用页面锁(page-level locking)或表级锁,默认为页面锁
InnoDB支持行级锁(row-level locking)和表级锁,默认为行级锁
2、各种锁特点
表级锁:开销小,加锁快;不会出现死锁;锁定粒度大,发生锁冲突的概率最高,并发度最低
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